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Exercise and Muscular Dystrophy: Implications and Analysis of Effects on Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems

Matthew S. Barnabei, Joshua M. Martindale, DeWayne Townsend, Joseph M. Metzger

10.1002/cphy.c100062

Source: Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2011

Published online: July 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous collection of progressive, inherited diseases of muscle weakness and degeneration. Although these diseases can vary widely in their etiology and presentation, nearly all muscular dystrophies cause exercise intolerance to some degree. Here, we focus on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of muscular dystrophy, as a paradigm for the effects of muscle disease on exercise capacity. First described in the mid‐1800s, DMD is a rapidly progressive and lethal muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin is a membrane‐associated cytoskeletal protein, the loss of which causes numerous cellular defects including mechanical instability of the sarcolemma, increased influx of extracellular calcium, and cell signaling defects. Here, we discuss the physiological basis for exercise intolerance in DMD, focusing on the molecular and cellular defects caused by loss of dystrophin and how these manifest as organ‐level dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity. The main focus of this article is the defects present in dystrophin‐deficient striated muscle. However, discussion regarding the effects of dystrophin loss on other tissues, including vascular smooth muscle is also included. Collectively, the goal of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanistic basis for exercise intolerance in DMD, which may serve as an archetype for other muscular dystrophies and diseases of muscle wasting. © 2011 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 1:1353‐1363, 2011.

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Figure 1. Figure 1.

Schematic of the DGC, depicting its interaction with the extracellular matrix protein laminin and cytoskeletal protein γ‐actin, which is mechanically tethered to the sarcomere via desmin and the costamere.


Figure 1.

Schematic of the DGC, depicting its interaction with the extracellular matrix protein laminin and cytoskeletal protein γ‐actin, which is mechanically tethered to the sarcomere via desmin and the costamere.

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Article Title: Exercise and Muscular Dystrophy: Implications and Analysis of Effects on Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems
 

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Matthew S. Barnabei, Joshua M. Martindale, DeWayne Townsend, Joseph M. Metzger. Exercise and Muscular Dystrophy: Implications and Analysis of Effects on Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems. Compr Physiol 2011, 1: 1353-1363. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100062