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Thermoregulation and Sleep: Functional Interaction and Central Nervous Control

Matteo Cerri, Roberto Amici

10.1002/cphy.c140012

Source: Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2021

Published online: April 2021

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

Each of the wake‐sleep states is characterized by specific changes in autonomic activity and bodily functions. The goal of such changes is not always clear. During non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the autonomic outflow and the activity of the endocrine system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the thermoregulatory system seem to be directed at increasing energy saving. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the goal of the specific autonomic and regulatory changes is unclear, since a large instability of autonomic activity and cardiorespiratory function is observed in concomitance with thermoregulatory changes, which are apparently non‐functional to thermal homeostasis. Reciprocally, the activation of thermoregulatory responses under thermal challenges interferes with sleep occurrence. Such a double‐edged and reciprocal interaction between sleep and thermoregulation may be favored by the fact that the central network controlling sleep overlaps in several parts with the central network controlling thermoregulation. The understanding of the central mechanism behind the interaction between sleep and thermoregulation may help to understand the functionality of thermoregulatory sleep‐related changes and, ultimately, the function(s) of sleep. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1591‐1604, 2021.

Figure 1. Figure 1. Thermoeffectors are affected by REM sleep occurrence. The temperature of several organs changes specifically when REM sleep occurs at different ambient temperature. If a thermal challenge is delivered selectively during REM sleep, several expected responses are not evokable. TBrain, brain temperature; TBAT, temperature of brown adipose tissue; TLiver, Temperature of the liver; TSkin, temperature of the skin; Ta, ambient temperature; TSH, thyroid‐stimulating hormone.
Figure 2. Figure 2. Interaction between thermoregulatory (in red), NREM sleep (in blue), and REM sleep (in green) pathways. Regions with multiple color are the possible sites of interaction. PBN, parabrachial nucleus; MPO, medial preoptic area; MnPO, median preoptic nucleus; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; RPa, raphe pallidus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; PAG, periaqueductal gray; SLD, sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus; PZ, parafacial zone.


Figure 1. Thermoeffectors are affected by REM sleep occurrence. The temperature of several organs changes specifically when REM sleep occurs at different ambient temperature. If a thermal challenge is delivered selectively during REM sleep, several expected responses are not evokable. TBrain, brain temperature; TBAT, temperature of brown adipose tissue; TLiver, Temperature of the liver; TSkin, temperature of the skin; Ta, ambient temperature; TSH, thyroid‐stimulating hormone.


Figure 2. Interaction between thermoregulatory (in red), NREM sleep (in blue), and REM sleep (in green) pathways. Regions with multiple color are the possible sites of interaction. PBN, parabrachial nucleus; MPO, medial preoptic area; MnPO, median preoptic nucleus; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; RPa, raphe pallidus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; PAG, periaqueductal gray; SLD, sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus; PZ, parafacial zone.
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Article Title: Thermoregulation and Sleep: Functional Interaction and Central Nervous Control
 

How to Cite

Matteo Cerri, Roberto Amici. Thermoregulation and Sleep: Functional Interaction and Central Nervous Control. Compr Physiol 2021, 11: 1591-1604. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c140012