References |
1. |
Abe
K
,
Kroning
J
,
Greer
MA
,
Critchlow
V
. Effects of destriction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei on the circadian rhythms in plasma corticosterone, body temperature, feeding and plasma thyrotropin. Neuroendocrinology
29: 119‐131, 1979. |
2. |
Abel
ED
,
Ahima
RS
,
Boers
ME
,
Elmquist
JK
,
Wondisford
FE
. Critical role for thyroid hormone receptor beta2 in the regulation of paraventricular thyrotropin‐releasing hormone neurons. J Clin Invest
107: 1017‐1023, 2001. |
3. |
Alkemade
A
,
Unmehopa
UA
,
Wiersinga
WM
,
Swaab
DF
,
Fliers
E
. Glucocorticoids decrease thyrotropin‐releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the human hypothalamus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
90: 323‐327, 2005. |
4. |
Alvarez‐Dolado
M
,
Cuadrado
A
,
Navarro‐Yubero
C
,
Sonderegger
P
,
Furley
AJ
,
Bernal
J
,
Muñoz
A
. Regulation of the L1 cell adhesion molecule by thyroid hormone in the developing brain. Mol Cell Neurosci
16: 499‐514, 2000. |
5. |
Alvarez‐Dolado
M
,
González‐Sancho
JM
,
Bernal
J
,
Muñoz
A
. Developmental expression of the tenascin‐C is altered by hypothyroidism in the rat brain. Neuroscience
84: 309‐322, 1998. |
6. |
Andersen
S
,
Bruun
NH
,
Pedersen
KM
,
Laurberg
P
. Biologic variation is important for interpretation of thyroid function tests. Thyroid
13: 1069‐1078, 2003. |
7. |
Arrojo e Drigo
R
,
Fonseca
TL
,
Saar Werneck‐de‐Castro
JP
,
Bianco
AC
. Role of the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in the control of thyroid hormone signaling. Biochimica Biophysica Acta
1830: 3956‐3964, 2013. |
8. |
Astapova
I
,
Vella
KR
,
Ramadoss
P
,
Holtz
KA
,
Rodwin
BA
,
Liao
XH
,
Weiss
RE
,
Rosenberg
MA
,
Rosenzweig
A
,
Hollenberg
AN
. The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) controls thyroid hormone sensitivity and the set point of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis. Mol Endocrinol
25: 212‐224, 2011. |
9. |
Baas
D
,
Bourbeau
D
,
Sarliève
LL
,
Ittel
ME
,
Dussault
JH
,
Puymirat
J
. Oligodendrocyte maturation and progenitor cell proliferation are independently regulated by thyroid hormone. Glia
19: 324‐332, 1997. |
10. |
Babu
S
,
Sinha
RA
,
Mohan
V
,
Rao
G
,
Pal
A
,
Pathak
A
,
Singh
M
,
Godbole
MM
. Effect of hypothyroxinemia on thyroid hormone responsiveness and action during rat postnatal neocortical development. Exp Neurol
228:91‐98, 2011. |
11. |
Banks
WA
. Brain meets body: The blood‐brain barrier is an endocrine interface. Endocrinology
153: 4111‐4119, 2012. |
12. |
Barateiro
A
,
Fernandes
A
. Temporal oligodendrocyte lineage progression: In vitro models of proliferation, differentiation and myelination. Biochim Biophys Acta
1843: 1917‐1929, 2014. |
13. |
Barres
BA
,
Lazar
MA
,
Raff
MC
. A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development. Development
120: 1097‐1108, 1994. |
14. |
Bartzokis
G.
Neuroglialpharmacology: White matter pathophysiologies and psychiatric treatments. Front Biosci
16: 2695‐2733, 2011. |
15. |
Bassett
JH
,
Harvey
CB
,
Williams
GR
. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor‐specific nuclear and extra nuclear actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol
213: 1‐11, 2003. |
16. |
Baxi
EG
,
Schott
JT
,
Fairchild
AN
,
Kirby
LA
,
Karani
R
,
Uapinyoying
P
,
Pardo‐Villamizar
C
,
Rothstein
JR
,
Bergles
DE
,
Calabresi
PA
. A selective thyroid hormone β receptor agonist enhances human and rodent oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 62: 1513‐1529, 2014. |
17. |
Bergh
JJ
,
Lin
HY
,
Lansing
L
,
Mohamed
SN
,
Davis
FB
,
Mousa
S
,
Davis
PJ
. Integrin αvβ3 contains a cell surface receptor site for thyroid hormone that is linked to activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and induction of angiogenesis. Endocrinology
146: 2864‐2871, 2005. |
18. |
Bernal
J
. Thyroid hormone receptors in brain development and function. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
3: 249‐259, 2007. |
19. |
Bernal
J
. Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Function. www.thyroidmanager.org. December 17, 2012. Thyroid Disease Manager. Endocrine Education Inc, South Dartmouth, MA 02748. |
20. |
Bernal
J
,
Guadaño‐Ferraz
A
,
Morte
B
. Perspectives in the study of thyroid hormone action on brain development and function. Thyroid
13: 1005‐1012, 2003. |
21. |
Bernal
J
,
Morte
B
. Thyroid hormone receptor activity in the absence of ligand: Physiological and developmental implications. Biochim Biophys Acta
1830: 3893‐3899, 2013. |
22. |
Bianco
AC
. Cracking the metabolic code for thyroid hormone signaling. Endocrinology
152: 3306‐3311, 2011. |
23. |
Bianco
AC
,
Salvatore
D
,
Gereben
B
,
berry
MJ
,
Larsen
PR
. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev
23: 38‐89, 2002. |
24. |
Billon
N
,
Jolicoeur
C
,
Tokumoto
Y
,
Vennström
B
,
Raff
M
. Normal timing of oligodendrocyte development depends on thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRalpha1). EMBO J
21: 6452‐6460, 2002. |
25. |
Boelen
A
,
Kwakkel
J
,
Fliers
E
. Beyond low plasma T3: Local thyroid hormone metabolism during inflammation and infection. Endocr Rev
32: 670‐693, 2011. |
26. |
Boelen
A
,
Kwakkel
J
,
Fliers
E
. Thyroid hormone receptors in health and disease. Minerva Endocrinol
37: 291‐304, 2012. |
27. |
Boelen
A
,
Kwakkel
J
, Platvoet‐ter
Schiphorst
M
,
Baur
A
,
Köhrle
J
,
Wiersinga
WM
. Contribution of interleukin‐12 to the pathogenesis of non‐thyroidal illness. Horm Meatb Res
36: 101‐106, 2004. |
28. |
Boelen
A
,
Mikita
J
,
Boiziau
C
,
Chassande
O
,
Fliers
E
,
Petry
KG
. Type 3 deiodinase expression in inflammatory spinal cord lesions in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thyroid
19: 1401‐1406, 2009. |
29. |
Boulanger
JJ
,
Messier
C
. From precursors to myelinating oligodendrocytes: Contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to white matter plasticity in the adult brain. Neuroscience
269: 343‐366, 2014. |
30. |
Brabant
G
,
Cain
J
,
Jackson
A
,
Kreitschmann‐Andermahr
I
. Visualizing hormone actions in the brain. Trends Endocrinol Metab
22: 153‐163, 2011. |
31. |
Bradley
DJ
,
Towle
HC
,
Young
WS
III
. Spatial and temporal expression of alpha‐ and beta‐thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs, including the beta 2‐subtype, in the developing mammalian nervous system. J Neurosci
12: 2288‐302, 1992. |
32. |
Braun
D
,
Kinne
A
,
Bräuer
AU
,
Sapin
R
,
Klein
MO
,
Köhrle
J
,
Wirth
EK
,
Schweizer
U
. Developmental and cell type‐specific expression of thyroid hormone transporters in the mouse brain and in primary brain cells. Glia
59: 463‐471, 2011. |
33. |
Burris
TP
,
Solt
LA
,
Wang
Y
,
Crumbley
C
,
Banerjee
S
,
Griffett
K
,
Lundasen
T
,
Hughes
T
,
Kojetin
DJ
. Nuclear receptors and their selective pharmacologic modulators. Pharmacol Rev
65: 710‐778, 2013. |
34. |
Bury
F
,
Carré
JL
,
Vega
S
,
Ghandour
MS
,
Rodriguez‐Pena
A
,
Langley
K
,
Sarliève
LL
. Coexpression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in mouse oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci Res
67: 106‐113, 2002. |
35. |
Calzà
L
,
Fernández
M
,
Giardino
L
. Cellular approaches to central nervous system remyelination stimulation: Thyroid hormone to promote myelin repair via endogenous stem and precursor cells. J Mol Endocrinol
44: 13‐23, 2010. |
36. |
Calzà
L
,
Fernández
M
,
Giuliani
A
,
Aloe
L
,
Giardino
L
. Thyroid hormone activates oligodendrocyte precursors and increases a myelin‐forming protein and NGF content in the spinal cord during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
99: 3258‐3263, 2002. |
37. |
Calzà
L
,
Fernández
M
,
Giuliani
A
,
D'Intino
G
,
Pirondi
S
,
Sivilia
S
,
Paradisi
M
,
Desordi
N
,
Giardino
L
. Thyroid hormone and remyelination in adult central nervous system: A lesson from an inflammatory‐demyelinating disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev
48: 339‐346, 2005. |
38. |
Calzà
L
,
Forrest
D
,
Vennström
B
,
Hökfelt
T
. Expression of peptides and other neurochemical markers in hypothalamus and olfactory bulb of mice devoid of all known thyroid hormone receptors. Neuroscience
101: 1001‐1012, 2000. |
39. |
Calzà
L
,
Giardino
L
,
Aloe
L
. NGF content and expression in the rat pituitary gland and regulation by thyroid hormone. Brain res Mol Brain Res
51: 60‐68, 1997a. |
40. |
Calzà
L
,
Giardino
L
,
Ceccatelli
S
,
Hökfelt
T
. Neurotrophins and their receptors in the adult hypo‐ and hyperthyroid rat after kainic acid injection: An in situ hybridization study. Eur J Neurosci
8: 1873‐1881, 1996. |
41. |
Calzà
L
,
Giardino
L
,
Hökfelt
T
. Thyroid hormone‐dependent regulation of galanin synthesis in neurons and glial cells after colchicine administration. Neuroendocrinology
68: 428‐436, 1998. |
42. |
Calzà
L
,
Giardino
L
,
Pozza
M
,
Micera
A
,
Aloe
L
. Time‐course changes of nerve growth factor, corticotropin‐releasing hormone, and nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their possible role in the development of inflammatory response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
94: 3368‐3373, 1997b. |
43. |
Cano
P
,
Jiménez‐Ortega
V
,
Larrad
A
,
Reyes Toso
CF
,
Cardinali
DP
,
Esquifino
AI
. Effect of a high‐fat diet on 24‐h pattern of circulating levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, corticosterone, thyroid‐stimulating hormone and glucose, and pineal melatonin content, in rats. Endocrine
33: 118‐125, 2008. |
44. |
Cao
X
,
Kambe
F
,
Moeller
LC
,
Refetoff
S
,
Seo
H
. Thyroid hormone induces rapid activation of Akt/protein kinase B‐mammalian target of rapamycin‐p70S6K cascade through phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in human fibroblasts. Mol Endocrinol
19: 102‐112, 2005. |
45. |
Castro
I
,
Quisenberry
L
,
Calvo
RM
,
Obregon
MJ
,
Lado‐Abeal
J
. Septic shock non‐thyroidal illness syndrome causes hypothyroidism and conditions for reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone. J Mol Endocrinol
50: 255‐266, 2013. |
46. |
Ceballos
A
,
Belinchon
MM
,
Sanchez‐Mendoza
E
,
Grijota‐Martinez
C
,
Dumitrescu
AM
,
Refetoff
S
,
Morte
B
,
Bernal
J
. Importance of monocarboxylate transporter 8 for the blood‐brain barrier‐dependent availability of 3,5,3′‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine. Endocrinology
150: 2491‐2496, 2009. |
47. |
Ceccatelli
S
,
Giardino
L
,
Calzá
L
. Response of hypothalamic peptide mRNAs to thyroidectomy. Neuroendocrinology
56: 694‐703, 1992. |
48. |
Chan
S
,
Kachilele
S
,
McCabe
CJ
,
Tannahill
LA
,
Boelaert
K
,
Gittoes
NJ
,
Visser
TJ
,
Franklyn
JA
,
Kilby
MD
. Early expression of thyroid hormone deiodinases and receptors in human fetal cerebral cortex. Brain Res Dev Brain Res
138: 109‐116, 2002. |
49. |
Chanoine
JP
,
Alex
S
,
Fang
SL
,
Stone
S
,
Leonard
JL
,
Körhle
J
,
Braverman
LE
. Role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroxine from the blood to the choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain. Endocrinology
130: 933‐938, 1992. |
50. |
Charalambous
M
,
Hernandez
A
. Genomic imprinting of the type 3 thyroid hormone deiodinase gene: Regulation and developmental implications. Biochim Biophys Acta
1830: 3946‐3955, 2013. |
51. |
Chassande
O
. Do unliganted thyroid hormone receptors have physiological functions? J Mol Endocrinol
31: 9‐20, 2003. |
52. |
Chen
C
,
Zhou
Z
,
Zhong
M
,
Zhang
Y
,
Li
M
,
Zhang
L
,
Qu
M
,
Yang
J
,
Wang
Y
,
Yu
Z
. Thyroid hormone promotes neuronal differntiation of embryonic neural stem cells by inhibiting STAT3 signaling through Tra1. Stem Cells Dev
21: 2667‐2681, 2012. |
53. |
Chen
RL
,
Kassem
NA
,
Preston
JE
. Dose‐dependent transthyretin inhibition of T4 uptake from cerebrospinal fluid in sheep. Neurosci Lett
396: 7‐11, 2006. |
54. |
Chen
ZP
,
Hetzel
BS
. Cretinism revisited. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
24: 39‐50, 2010. |
55. |
Cheng
S‐Y
,
Leonard
JL
,
Davis
PJ
. Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocr Rev
31: 139‐170, 2010. |
56. |
Chong
SY
,
Chan
JR
. Tapping into the glial reservoir: Cells committed to remaining uncommitted. J Cell Biol
188: 305‐312, 2010. |
57. |
Copland
JA
,
Sheffield‐Moore
M
,
Koldzic‐Zivanovic
N
,
Gentry
S
,
Lamprou
G
,
Tzortzatou‐Stathopoulou
F
,
Zoumpourlis
V
,
Urban
RJ
,
Vlahopoulos
SA
. Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: Is tissue‐specific intervention possible? Bioessays
31: 629‐641, 2009. |
58. |
Costa‐e‐Sousa
RH
,
Hollenberg
AN
. Minireview: The neural regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis. Endocrinology
153: 4128‐4135, 2012. |
59. |
Crawford
AH
,
Stockley
JH
,
Tripathi
RB
,
Richardson
WD
,
Franklin
RJ
. Oligodendrocyte progenitors: Adult stem cells of the central nervous system? Exp Neurol
260: 50‐55, 2014. |
60. |
Darras
VM
,
Houbrechts
AM
,
Van Herck
SL
. Intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism as a local regulator of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor‐mediated impact on vertebrate development. Biochim Biophys Acta
1849: 130‐141, 2015. |
61. |
Davis
FB
,
Davis
V
. Cody Membrane receptors mediating thyroid hormone action. Trends Endocrinol Metab
16: 429‐435, 2005. |
62. |
Davis
PJ
,
Davis
FB
,
Lin
HY
,
Mousa
SA
,
Zhou
M
,
Luidens
MK
. Translational implications of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone initiated at its integrin receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
297: E1238‐E1246, 2009. |
63. |
Davis
PJ
,
Davis
FB
,
Mousa
SA
,
Luidens
MK
,
Lin
HY
. Membrane receptor for thyroid hormone: Physiologic and pharmacologic implications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
51: 99‐115, 2011. |
64. |
Davis
PJ
,
Leonard
JL
,
Davis
FB
. Mechanisms of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone. Front Neuroendocrinol
29: 211‐218, 2008. |
65. |
Davis
PJ
,
Shih
A
,
Lin
HY
,
Martino
LJ
,
Davis
FB
. Thyroxine promotes association of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and causes serine phosphorylation of TR. J Biol Chem
275: 38032‐38039, 2000. |
66. |
Davis
PJ
,
Zhou
M
,
Davis
FB
,
Lansing
L
,
Mousa
SA
,
Lin
HY
. Mini‐review: Cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone and nongenomic regulation of ion fluxes in excitable cells. Physiol Behav
99: 237‐239, 2010. |
67. |
De Escobar
GM
,
Obregón
MJ
,
del Rey
FE
. Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy. Public Health Nutr
10: 1554‐1570, 2007. |
68. |
De Groot
LJ
. Non‐thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic‐pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies. Crit Care Clin
22: 57‐86, 2006. |
69. |
de Jesus
LA
,
Carvalho
SD
,
Ribeiro
MO
,
Schneider
M
, SW,
Harney
JW
,
Larsen
PR
,
Bianco
AC
. The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is essential for adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. J Clin Invest
108
1379‐1385, 2001. |
70. |
Dell'Acqua
ML
,
Lorenzini
L
,
D'Intino
G
,
Sivilia
S
,
Pasqualetti
P
,
Panetta
V
,
Paradisi
M
,
Filippi
MM
,
Baiguera
C
,
Pizzi
M
,
Giardino
L
,
Rossini
PM
,
Calzà
L
. Functional and molecular evidence of myelin‐ and neuroprotection by thyroid hormone administration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol
38: 454‐470, 2012. |
71. |
Dentice
M
,
Marsili
A
,
Zavacki
A
,
Larsen
PR
,
Salvatore
D
. The deiodinases and the control of intracellular thyroid hormone signaling during cellular differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta
1830: 3937‐3945, 2013. |
72. |
Dentice
M
,
Salvatore
D
. Deiodinases: The balance of thyroid hormone: Local impact of thyroid hormone inactivation. J Endocrinol
209: 273‐282, 2011. |
73. |
D'Intino
G
,
Lorenzini
L
,
Fernandez
M
,
Taglioni
A
,
Perretta
G
,
Del Vecchio
G
,
Villoslada
P
,
Giardino
L
,
Calzà
L
. Triiodothyronine administration ameliorates the demyelination/remyelination ratio in a non‐human primate model of multiple sclerosis by correcting tissue hypothyroidism. J Neuroendocrinol
23: 778‐790, 2011. |
74. |
Dong
H
,
Yauk
CL
,
Rowan‐Carroll
A
,
You
SH
,
Zoeller
RT
,
Lambert
I
,
Wade
MG
. Identification of thyroid hormone receptor binding sites and target genes using ChIP‐on‐chip in developing mouse cerebellum. PLoS One
4: e4610, 2009. |
75. |
Dratman
MB
,
Crutchfield
FL
,
Schoenhoff
MB
. Transport of iodothyronines from bloodstream to brain: Contributions by blood, brain and choroid plexus: Cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Brain Res
554: 229‐236, 1991. |
76. |
Dugas
JC
,
Ibrahim
A
,
Barres
BA
. A crucial role for p57(Kip2) in the intracellular timer that controls oligodendrocyte differentiation. J Neurosci
27: 6185‐6196, 2007. |
77. |
Dugas
JC
,
Ibrahim
A
,
Barres
BA
. The T3‐induced gene KLF9 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin regeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci
50: 45‐57, 2012. |
78. |
Dumitrescu
AM
,
Liao
XH
,
Best
TB
,
Brockmann
K
,
Refetoff
S
. A novel syndrome combining thyroid and neurological abnormalities is associated with mutations in a monocarboxylate transporter gene. Am J Hum Genet
74: 168‐175, 2004. |
79. |
Durand
B
,
Fero
ML
,
Roberts
JM
,
Raff
MC
. p27Kip1 alters the response of cells to mitogen and is part of a cell‐intrinsic timer that arrests the cell cycle and initiates differentiation. Curr Biol
8: 431‐440, 1998. |
80. |
Durand
B
,
Gao
FB
,
Raff
M
. Accumulation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27/Kip1 and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. EMBO J
16: 306‐317, 1997. |
81. |
Durand
B
,
Raff
M
. A cell‐intrinsic timer that operates during oligodendrocyte development. Bioessays
22: 64‐71, 2000. |
82. |
Dussault
JH
,
Labrie
F
. Development of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis in the neonatal rat. Endocrinology
97: 1321‐1324, 1975. |
83. |
Farwell
AP
. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
20: 478‐484, 2013. |
84. |
Farwell
AP
,
Dubord‐Tomasetti
SA
. Thyroid hormone regulates the extracellular organization of laminin on astrocytes. Endocrinology
140: 5014‐5021, 1999a. |
85. |
Farwell
AP
,
Dubord‐Tomasetti
SA
. Thyroid hormone regulates the expression of laminin in the developing rat cerebellum. Endocrinology
140: 4221‐4227, 1999b. |
86. |
Farwell
AP
,
Lynch
RM
,
Okulicz
WC
,
Comi
AM
,
Leonard
JL
. The actin cytoskeleton mediates the hormonally regulated translocation of type II iodothyronine 5′‐deiodinase in astrocytes. J Biol Chem
265: 18546‐18553, 1990. |
87. |
Fekete
C1
,
Lechan
RM
. Central regulation of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Endocr Rev
35:159‐194, 2014. |
88. |
Fernández
M
,
Giuliani
A
,
Pirondi
S
,
D'Intino
G
,
Giardino
L
,
Aloe
L
,
Levi‐Montalcini
R
,
Calzà
L
. Thyroid hormone administration enhances remyelination in chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
101: 16363‐16368, 2004b. |
89. |
Fernández
M
,
Paradisi
M
,
D'Intino
G
,
Del Vecchio
G
,
Sivilia
S
,
Giardino
L
,
Calzà
L
. A single prenatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin alters developmental myelination and remyelination potential in the rat brain. J Neurochem
115: 897‐909, 2010. |
90. |
Fernández
M
,
Paradisi
M
,
Del Vecchio
G
,
Giardino
L
,
Calzà
L
. Thyroid hormone induces glial lineage of primary neurospheres derived from non‐pathological and pathological rat brain: Implications for remyelination‐enhancing therapies. Int J Dev Neurosci
27: 769‐778, 2009. |
91. |
Fernández
M
,
Pirondi
S
,
Manservigi
M
,
Giardino
L
,
Calza
L
. Thyroid hormone participates in the regulation of neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system of adult rat. Eur J Neurosci
20: 2059‐2070, 2004a. |
92. |
Ferrara
AM
,
Liao
XH
,
Gil‐Ibáñez
P
,
Marcinkowski
T
,
Bernal
J
,
Weiss
RE
,
Dumitrescu
AM
,
Refetoff
S
. Changes in thyroid status during perinatal development of MCT8‐deficient male mice. Endocrinology
154: 2533‐2541, 2013. |
93. |
Fields
RD
. White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Trends Neurosci
31: 361‐370, 2008. |
94. |
Fisher
DA
,
Brown
RS
, The maturation of the thyroid function in the perinatal period and during childhood. In:
Braverman
LE
,
Cooper
DS
, editors. The Thyroid. A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Walter Kluwer, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2013, pp. 775‐786. |
95. |
Fisher
DA
,
Dussault
JH
,
Sack
J
,
Chopra
IJ
. Ontogenesis of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid function and metabolism in man, sheep, and rat. Recent Prog Horm Res
33: 59‐116, 1976. |
96. |
Flamant
F
,
Baxter
JD
,
Forrest
D
,
Refetoff
S
,
Samuels
H
,
Scanlan
TS
,
Vennström
B
,
Samarut
J
. International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclaer receptor superfamily: Thyroid hormone receptors. Pharmacol Rev
58: 705‐711, 2006. |
97. |
Fliers
E
,
Kalsbeek
A
,
Boelen
A
. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Beyond the fixed setpoint of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis. Eur J Endocrinol
171: R197‐R208, 2014. |
98. |
Forrest
D
,
Hallböök
F
,
Persson
H
,
Vennström
B
. Distinct functions for thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta in brain development indicated by differential expression of receptor genes. EMBO J
10: 269‐275, 1991. |
99. |
Forrest
D
,
Sjöberg
M
,
Vennström
B
. Contrasting developmental and tissue‐specific expression of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor genes. EMBO J
9: 1519‐1528, 1990. |
100. |
Franco
PG
,
Silvestroff
L
,
Soto
EF
,
Pasquini
JM
. Thyroid hormones promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and improve remyelination after cuprizone‐induced demyelination. Exp Neurol
212: 458‐467, 2008. |
101. |
Freitas
BC
,
Gereben
B
,
Castillo
M
,
Kalló
I
,
Zeöld
A
,
Egri
P
,
Liposits
Z
,
Zavacki
AM
,
Maciel
RM
,
Jo
S
,
Singru
P
,
Sanchez
E
,
Lechan
RM
,
Bianco
AC
. Paracrine signaling by glial cell‐derived triiodothyronine activates neuronal gene expression in the rodent brain and human cells. J Clin Invest.
120: 2206‐2217, 2010. |
102. |
Friesema
EC
,
Grueters
A
,
Biebermann
H
,
Krude
H
,
von Moers
A
,
Reeser
M
,
Barrett
TG
,
Mancilla
EE
,
Svensson
J
,
Kester
MH
,
Kuiper
GG
,
Balkassmi
S
,
Uitterlinden
AG
,
Koehrle
J
,
Rodien
P
,
Halestrap
AP
,
Visser
TJ
. Association between mutations in a thyroid hormone transporter and severe X‐linked psychomotor retardation. Lancet
364: 1435‐1437, 2004. |
103. |
Fu
J
,
Refetoff
S
,
Dumitrescu
AM
. Inherited defects of thyroid hormone‐cell‐membrane transport: Review of recent findings. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
20: 434‐440, 2013. |
104. |
Galton
VA
,
Wood
ET
,
St Germain
EA
,
Withrow
CA
,
Aldrich
G
,
St Germain
GM
,
Clark
AS
,
St Germain
DL
. Thyroid hormone homeostasis and action in the type 2 deiodinase‐deficient rodent brain during development. Endocrinology
148: 3080‐3088, 2007. |
105. |
Gao
FB
,
Durand
B
,
Raff
M
. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells count time but not cell divisions before differentiation. Curr Biol
7: 152‐155, 1997. |
106. |
Garstka
HL
,
Fäcke
M
,
Escribano
JR
,
Wiesner
RJ
. Stoichiometry of mitochondrial transcripts and regulation of gene expression by mitochondrial transcription factor A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
200: 619‐626, 1994. |
107. |
Gereben
B
,
Pachucki
J
,
Kollar
A
,
Liposits
Z
,
Fekete
C
. Ontogenic redistribution of type 2 deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in the brain of chicken. Endocrinology
145: 3619‐3625, 2004. |
108. |
Gereben
B
,
Zavacki
AM
,
Ribich
S
,
Kim
BW
,
Huang
SA
,
Simonides
WS
,
Zeöld
A
,
Bianco
AC
. Cellular and molecular basis of deiodinase‐regulated thyroid hormone signaling. Endocr Rev
29: 898‐938, 2008. |
109. |
Giardino
L
,
Ceccatelli
S
,
Hökfelt
T
,
Calza
L
. Expression of enkephalin and dynorphin precursor mRNAs in brain areas of hypo‐and hyperthyroid rat: Effect of kainic acid injection. Brain Res
687: 83‐93, 1995. |
110. |
Giardino
L
,
Ceccatelli
S
,
Zanni
M
,
Hökfelt
T
,
Calzà
L
. Regulation of VIP mRNA expression by thyroid hormone in different brain areas of adult rat. Brain Res Mol Brain Res
27: 87‐94, 1994. |
111. |
Giardino
L
,
Velardo
A
,
Gallinelli
A
,
Calzà
L
. Deficit of galanin‐like immunostaining in the median eminence of adult hypothyroid rats. Neuroendocrinology
55: 237‐247, 1992. |
112. |
Gil‐Ibáñez
P
,
Bernal
J
,
Morte
B
. Thyroid hormone regulation of gene expression in primary cerebrocortical cells: Role of thyroid hormone receptor subtypes and interactions with retinoic acid and glucocorticoids. PLoS One
9: e91692, 2014. |
113. |
Gold
BT
,
Jiang
Y
,
Powell
DK
,
Smith
CD
. Multimodal imaging evidence for axonal and myelin deterioration in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis
31(Suppl 3): S19‐31, 2012. |
114. |
Guadaño‐Ferraz
A
,
Obregon
MJ
,
St Germain
DL
,
Bernal
J
. The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed primarily in glial cells in the neonatal rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
94: 10391‐10396, 1997. |
115. |
Guillemin
R
,
Yamazaki
E
,
Gard
DA
,
Jutisz
M
,
Sakiz
E
. In vitro secretion of thyrotropin (TSH): Stimulation by a hypothalamic peptide (TRF). Endocrinology
73: 564‐572, 1963. |
116. |
Hagen
GA
,
Elliot
TM
. Transport of thyroid hormones in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
37: 415‐422, 1973. |
117. |
Harsan
LA
,
Steibel
J
,
Zaremba
A
,
Agin
A
,
Sapin
R
,
Poulet
P
,
Guignard
B
,
Parizel
N
,
Grucker
D
,
Boehm
N
,
Miller
RH
,
Ghandour
MS
. Recovery from chronic demyelination by thyroid hormone therapy: Myelinogenesis induction and assessment by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci
28: 14189‐14201, 2008. |
118. |
Harvey
CB
,
Bassett
JH
,
Maruvada
P
,
Yen
PM
,
Williams
GR
. The rat thyroid hormone receptor (TR) Deltabeta3 displays cell‐, TR isoform‐, and thyroid hormone response element‐specific actions. Endocrinology
148: 1764‐1773, 2007. |
119. |
Harvey
CB
,
Williams
GR
. Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid
12: 441‐446, 2002. |
120. |
Hasimoto
K
,
Curty
FH
,
Borges
PP
,
Lee
CE
,
Abel
ED
,
Elmquist
JK
,
Cohen
RN
,
Wondisford
FE
. An unliganded thyroid hormone receptor causes severe neurological dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
98: 3998‐4003, 2001. |
121. |
Hernandez
A
,
Martinez
ME
,
Fiering
S
,
Galton
VA
,
St Germain
D
. Type 3 deiodinase is critical for the maturation and function of the thyroid axis. J Clin Invest
116: 476‐484, 2006. |
122. |
Heuer
H
. The importance of thyroid hormone transporters for brain development and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
21: 265‐276, 2007. |
123. |
Heuer
H
,
Maier
MK
,
Iden
S
,
Mittag
J
,
Friesema
EC
,
Visser
TJ
,
Bauer
K
. The monocarboxylate transporter 8 linked to human psychomotor retardation is highly expressed in thyroid hormone‐sensitive neuron populations. Endocrinology
146: 1701‐1706, 2005. |
124. |
Heuer
H
,
Visser
TJ
. Minireview: Pathophysiological importance of thyroid hormone transporters. Endocrinology
150: 1078‐1083, 2009. |
125. |
Hollenberg
AN
. The role of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) neuron as a metabolic sensor. Thyroid
18: 131‐139, 2008. |
126. |
Huang
SA
,
Bianco
AC
. Reawakened interest in type III iodothyronine deiodinase in critical illness and injury. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab
4: 148‐155, 2008. |
127. |
Hung
PL
,
Huang
CC
,
Huang
HM
,
Tu
DG
,
Chang
YC
. Thyroxin treatment protects against white matter injury in the immature brain via brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Stroke
44: 2275‐2283, 2013. |
128. |
Ibarrola
N
,
Rodriguez‐Peña
A
. Hypothyroidism coordinately and transiently affects myelin protein gene expression in most rat brain regions during postnatal development. Brain Res
752: 285‐293, 1997. |
129. |
Iglesias
M
,
Soler
RM
,
Ribera
J
,
Esquerda
JE
,
Comella
JX
. The carbohydrate N‐acetylglucosamine is involved in the guidance of neurites from chick ciliary ganglion neurons through the extracellular matrix of rat skeletal muscle fiber. Neurosci Lett
207: 81‐84, 1996. |
130. |
Jansen
J
,
Friesema
EC
,
Milici
C
,
Visser
TJ
. Thyroid hormone transporters in health and disease. Thyroid
15: 757‐768, 2005. |
131. |
Jo
S
,
Kalló
I
,
Bardóczi
Z
,
Arrojo e Drigo
R
,
Zeöld
A
,
Liposits
Z
,
Oliva
A
,
Lemmon
VP
,
Bixby
JL
,
Gereben
B
,
Bianco
AC
. Neuronal hypoxia induces Hsp40‐mediated nuclear import of type 3 deiodinase as an adaptive mechanism to reduce cellular metabolism. J Neurosci
32: 8491‐8500, 2012. |
132. |
Kalsbeek
A
,
Fliers
E
,
Franke
AN
,
Wortel
J
,
Buijs
RM
. Functional connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the thyroid gland as revealed by lesioning and viral tracing techniques in the rat. Endocrinology
141: 3832‐3841, 2000. |
133. |
Kaplan
MM
,
Yaskoski
KA
. Maturational patterns of iodothyronine phenolic and tyrosyl ring deiodinase activities in rat cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. J Clin Invest
67: 1208‐1214, 1981. |
134. |
Kapoor
R
,
Desouza
LA
,
Nanavaty
IN
,
Kernie
SG
,
Vaidya
VA
. Thyroid hormone accelerates the differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitors. J Neuroendocrinol
24: 1259‐1271, 2012. |
135. |
Kassem
NA
,
Deane
R
,
Segal
MB
,
Preston
JE
. Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
291: R1310‐1315, 2006. |
136. |
Keijzer
R
,
Blommaart
PJ
,
Labruyère
WT
,
Vermeulen
JL
,
Doulabi
BZ
,
Bakker
O
,
Tibboel
D
,
Lamers
WH
. Expression of thyroid hormone receptors A and B in developing rat tissues; evidence for extensive posttranscriptional regulation. J Mol Endocrinol
38: 523‐535, 2007. |
137. |
Koenig
RJ
. Modeling the nonthyroidal illness sindrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obesity
15: 466‐469, 2008. |
138. |
Kress
E
,
Samarut
J
,
Plateroti
M
. Thyroid hormones and the control of cell proliferation or cell differentiation: Paradox or duality? Mol Cell Endocrinol
313: 36‐49, 2009. |
139. |
Kuhlmann
T
,
Miron
V
,
Cui
Q
,
Wegner
C
,
Antel
J
,
Brück
W
. Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain
131: 1749‐1758, 2008. |
140. |
Kwakkel
J
,
Chassande
O
,
van Beeren
HC
,
Fliers
E
,
Wiersinga
WM
,
Boelen
A
. Thyroid hormone receptor {alpha} modulates lipopolysaccharide‐induced changes in peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism. Endocrinology
151: 1959‐1969, 2010. |
141. |
Lamirand
A
,
Pallud‐Mothré
S
,
Ramaugé
M
,
Pierre
M
,
Courtin
F
. Oxidative stress regulates type 3 deiodinase and type 2 deiodinase in cultured rat astrocytes. Endocrinology
149: 3713‐3721, 2008. |
142. |
Larsen
PR
,
Silva
JE
,
Kaplan
MM
. Relationships between circulating and intracellular thyroid hormones: Physiological and clinical implications. Endocr Rev
2: 87‐102, 1981. |
143. |
Lechan
RM
,
Fekete
C
. Feedback regulation of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH): Mechanisms for the non‐thyroidal illness syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest
27(Suppl 6): 105‐119, 2004. |
144. |
Lechan
RM
,
Fekete
C
. Role of thyroid hormone deiodination in the hypothalamus. Thyroid
15: 883‐897, 2005. |
145. |
Lechan
RM
,
Fekete
C
. Infundibular tanycytes as modulators of neuroendocrine function: Hypothetical role in the regulation of the thyroid and gonadal axis. Acta Biomed
78(Suppl 1): 84‐98, 2007. |
146. |
Lemkine
GF
,
Raj
A
,
Alfama
G
,
Turque
N
,
Hassani
Z
,
Alegria‐Prévot
O
,
Samarut
J
,
Levi
G
,
Demeneix
BA
. Adult neural stem cell cycling in vivo requires thyroid hormone and its alpha receptor. FASEB J
19: 863‐865, 2005. |
147. |
Levine
JM
,
Reynolds
R
,
Fawcett
JW
. The oligodendrocyte precursor cell in health and disease. Trends Neurosci
24: 39‐47, 2001. |
148. |
Li
WW
,
Le Goascogne
C
,
Ramaugé
M
,
Schumacher
M
,
Pierre
M
,
Courtin
F
. Induction of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase by nerve injury in the rat peripheral nervous system. Endocrinology
142: 5190‐5197, 2001. |
149. |
López‐Juárez
A
,
Remaud
S
,
Hassani
Z
,
Jolivet
P
,
Pierre Simons
J
,
Sontag
T
,
Yoshikawa
K
,
Price
J
,
Morvan‐Dubois
G
,
Demeneix
BA
. Thyroid hormone signaling acts as a neurogenic switch by repressing Sox2 in the adult neural stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell
10: 531‐543, 2012. |
150. |
Losi
G
,
Garzon
G
,
Puia
G
. Nongenomic regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in hippocampus by thyroid hormones. Neuroscience
151: 155‐163, 2008. |
151. |
Margaill
I
,
Royer
J
,
Lerouet
D
,
Ramaugé
M
,
Le Goascogne
C
,
Li
WW
,
Plotkine
M
,
Pierre
M
,
Courtin
F
. Induction of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in astrocytes after transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
25: 468‐476, 2005. |
152. |
Mayerl
S
,
Müller
J
,
Bauer
R
,
Richert
S
,
Kassmann
CM
,
Darras
VM
,
Buder
K
,
Boelen
A
,
Visser
TJ
,
Heuer
H
. Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 maintain murine brain thyroid hormone homeostasis. J Clin Invest
124: 1987‐1999, 2014. |
153. |
McEwan
IJ
. Nuclear receptors: One big family. Methods Mol Biol
505: 3‐18, 2009. |
154. |
Miller
RH
,
Mi
S
. Dissecting demyelination. Nat Neurosci
10: 1351‐1354, 2007. |
155. |
Mitchell
ML
,
Hsu
HW
,
Sahai
I
. Changing perspectives in screening for congenital hypothyroidism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
21: 39‐44, 2014. |
156. |
Mitew
S
,
Hay
CM
,
Peckham
H
,
Xiao
J
,
Koenning
M
,
Emery
B
. Mechanisms regulating the development of oligodendrocytes and central nervous system myelin. Neuroscience
276: 29‐47, 2013. |
157. |
Moelloeer
LC
,
Brcker‐Preuss
M
. Transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone. Thyroid Res
4(Suppl 1): S6, 2011. |
158. |
Moeller
LC
,
Führer
D
. Thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone receptors, and cancer: A clinical perspective. Endocr Relat Cancer
20: R19‐R29, 2013. |
159. |
Montero‐Pedrazuela
A
,
Venero
C
,
Lavado‐Autric
R
,
Fernández‐Lamo
I
,
García‐Verdugo
JM
,
Bernal
J
,
Guadaño‐Ferraz
A
. Modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by thyroid hormones: Implications in depressive‐like behavior. Mol Psychiatry
11: 361‐371, 2006. |
160. |
Morvan‐Dubois
G
,
Fini
JB
,
Demeneix
BA
. Is thyroid hormone signaling relevant for vertebrate embryogenesis? Curr Top Dev Biol
103: 365‐396, 2013. |
161. |
Nagy
L
. Nuclear hormone receptors are powerful regulators of stem cell maintenance, differentiation, metabolism and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol
24: 669, 2013. |
162. |
Nicolay
DJ
,
Doucette
JR
,
Nazarali
AJ
. Transcriptional control of oligodendrogenesis. Glia
55: 1287‐1299, 2007. |
163. |
Nikrodhanond
AA
,
Ortiga‐Carvalho
TM
,
Shibusawa
N
,
Hashimoto
K
,
Liao
XH
,
Refetoff
S
,
Yamada
M
,
Mori
M
,
Wondisford
FE
. Dominant role of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis. J Biol Chem
281: 5000‐5007, 2006. |
164. |
Nillni
EA
. Regulation of the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neuron by neuronal and peripheral inputs. Front Neuroendocrinol
31: 134‐156, 2010. |
165. |
Noble
M
. Precursor cell transitions in oligodendrocyte development. J Cell Biol
148: 839‐842, 2000. |
166. |
Ortiga‐Carvalho
TM
,
Shibusawa
N
,
Nikrodhanond
A
,
Oliveira
KJ
,
Machado
DS
,
Liao
XH
,
Cohen
RN
,
Refetoff
S
,
Wondisford
FE
. Negative regulation by thyroid hormone receptor requires an intact coactivator‐binding surface. J Clin Invest
115: 2517‐2523, 2005. |
167. |
O'Shea
PJ
,
Williams
GR
. Insight into the physiological actions of thyroid hormone receptors from genetically modified mice. J Endocrinol
175: 553‐570, 2002. |
168. |
Pajevic
S
,
Basser
PJ
,
Fields
RD
. Role of myelin plasticity in oscillations and synchrony of neuronal activity. Neuroscience
276: 135‐147, 2014. |
169. |
Papadimitriou
A
,
Dumitrescu
AM
,
Papavasiliou
A
,
Fretzayas
A
,
Nicolaidou
P
,
Refetoff
S
. A novel monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene mutation as a cause of severe neonatal hypotonia and developmental delay. Pediatrics
121: e199‐e202, 2008. |
170. |
Pappa
TA
,
Vagenakis
AG
,
Alevizaki
M
. The nonthyroidal illness syndrome in the non‐critically ill patient. Eur J Clin Invest
41: 212‐220, 2011. |
171. |
Pascual
A
,
Aranda
A
. Thyroid hormone receptors, cell growth and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta
1830: 3908‐3916, 2013. |
172. |
Peeters
RP
,
Geyten
SV
,
Wouters
PJ
,
Darras
VM
,
van Toor
H
,
Kaptein
E
,
Visser
TJ
,
Van den Berghe
G
. Tissue thyroid hormone levels in critical illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
12: 6498‐6507, 2005. |
173. |
Perez‐Juste
G
,
Aranda
A
. The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) is involved in thyroid hormone‐mediated neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem
274: 5026‐5031, 1999. |
174. |
Perissi
V
,
Rosenfeld
MG
. Controlling nuclear receptors: The circular logic of cofactor cycles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
6: 542‐554, 2005. |
175. |
Pizzagalli
F
,
Hagenbuch
B
,
Stieger
B
,
Klenk
U
,
Folkers
G
,
Medier
PJ
. Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptides as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol
16: 2283‐2296, 2002. |
176. |
Puia
G
,
Losi
G
. Thyroid hormones modulate GABA(A) receptor‐mediated currents in hippocampal neurons. Neuropharmacology
60: 1254‐1261, 2011. |
177. |
Puymirat
J
,
l'Hereault
S
,
Dussault
JH
. Expression of thyroid hormone receptors mRNAs in rat cerebral hemisphere neuronal cultures. Brain Res Dev Brain Res
69: 173‐177, 1992. |
178. |
Qi
JS
,
Yuan
Y
,
Desai‐Yajnik
V
,
Samuels
HH
. Regulation of the mdm2 oncogene by thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Cell Biol
19: 864‐872, 1999. |
179. |
Raff
M
. The mystery of intracellular developmental programmes and timers. Biochem Soc Trans
34: 663‐670, 2006. |
180. |
Remaud
S
,
Gothié
JD
,
Morvan‐Dubois
G
,
Demeneix
BA
. Thyroid hormone signaling and adult neurogenesis in mammals. Front Endocrinol
5: 62, 2014. |
181. |
Riskind
PN
,
Kolodny
JM
,
Larsen
PR
. The regional hypothalamic distribution of type II 5′‐monodeiodinase in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Brain Res
420: 194‐198, 1987. |
182. |
Roberts
LM
,
Woodford
K
,
Zhou
M
,
Black
DS
,
Haggerty
JE
,
Tate
EH
,
Grindstaff
KK
,
Mengesha
W
,
Raman
C
,
Zerangue
N
. Expression of the thyroid hormone transporters monocarboxylate transporter‐8 (SLC16A2) and organic ion transporter‐14 (SLCO1C1) at the blood‐brain barrier. Endocrinology
149: 6251‐6261, 2008. |
183. |
Rodgers
JM
,
Robinson
AP
,
Miller
SD
. Strategies for protecting oligodendrocytes and enhancing remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Discov Med
16: 55‐63, 2013. |
184. |
Rodriguez‐Peña
A
,
Ibarrola
N
,
Iñiguez
MA
,
Muñoz
A
,
Bernal
J
. Neonatal hypothyroidism affects the timely expression of myelin‐associated glycoprotein in the rat brain. J Clin Invest
91: 812‐818, 1993. |
185. |
Saelim
N
,
Holstein
D
,
Chocron
ES
,
Camacho
P
,
Lechleiter
JD
. Inhibition of apoptotic potency by ligand stimulated thyroid hormone receptors located in mitochondria. Apoptosis
12: 1781‐1794, 2007. |
186. |
Samuels
MH
,
Kolobova
I
,
Smeraglio
A
,
Peters
D
,
Janowsky
JS
,
Schuff
KG
. The effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on health status, mood, and cognition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
99: 843‐851, 2014. |
187. |
Sarliève
LL
,
Rodríguez‐Peña
A
,
Langley
K
. Expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Neurochem Res
29: 903‐922, 2004. |
188. |
Schlosser
G
,
Koyano‐Nakagawa
N
,
Kintner
C
. Thyroid hormone promotes neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord. Dev Dyn
225: 485‐498, 2002. |
189. |
Schroeder
AC
,
Privalsky
ML
. Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, in the brain. Front Endocrinol
5: 40, 2014. |
190. |
Schwartz
CE
,
May
MM
,
Carpenter
NJ
,
Rogers
RC
,
Martin
J
,
Bialer
MG
,
Ward
J
,
Sanabria
J
,
Marsa
S
,
Lewis
JA
,
Echeverri
R
,
Lubs
HA
,
Voeller
K
,
Simensen
RJ
,
Stevenson
RE
. Allan‐Herndon‐Dudley syndrome and the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) gene. Am J Hum Genet
77: 41‐53, 2005. |
191. |
Sharlin
DS
,
Bansal
R
,
Zoeller
RT
. Polychlorinated biphenyls exert selective effects on cellular composition of white matter in a manner inconsistent with thyroid hormone insufficiency. Endocrinology
14: 846‐858, 2006. |
192. |
Shoonover
CM
,
Seibel
MM
,
Jolson
DM
,
Stack
MJ
,
Rahman
RJ
,
Jones
SA
,
Mariash
CN
,
Anderson
GW
. Thyroid hormone regulates oligodendrocyte accumulation in developing rat brain white matter tracts. Endocrinology
145: 5013‐5020, 2004. |
193. |
Siegrist‐Kaiser
CA
,
Juge‐Aubry
C
,
Tranter
MP
,
Ekenbarger
DM
,
Leonard
JL
. Thyroxine‐dependent modulation of actin polymerization in cultured astrocytes. A novel extranuclear action of thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem
265: 5296‐5302, 1990. |
194. |
Sijens
PE
,
Rödiger
LA
,
Meiners
LC
,
Lunsing
RJ
. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
93: 1854‐1959, 2008. |
195. |
Silvestroff
L
,
Bartucci
S
,
Pasquini
J
,
Franco
P
. Cuprizone‐induced demyelination in the rat cerebral cortex and thyroid hormone effects on cortical remyelination. Exp Neurol
235: 357‐367, 2012. |
196. |
Simandi
Z
,
Cuaranta‐Monroy
I
,
Nagy
L
. Nuclear receptors as regulators of stem cell and cancer stem cell metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol
24: 716‐723, 2013. |
197. |
Simonides
WS
,
Mulcahey
MA
,
Redout
EM
,
Muller
A
,
Zuidwijk
MJ
,
Visser
TJ
,
Wassen
FW
,
Crescenzi
A
,
da‐Silva
WS
,
Harney
J
,
Engel
FB
,
Obregon
MJ
,
Larsen
PR
,
Bianco
AC
,
Huang
SA
. Hypoxia‐inducible factor induces local thyroid hormone inactivation during hypoxic‐ischemic disease in rats. J Clin Invest
118: 975‐983, 2008. |
198. |
Singh
S
,
Modi
S
,
Bagga
D
,
Kaur
P
,
Shankar
LR
,
Khushu
S
. Voxel‐based morphometric analysis in hypothyroidism using diffeomorphic anatomic registration via an exponentiated lie algebra algorithm approach. J Neuroendocrinol
25: 229‐234, 2013. |
199. |
Sirakov
M
,
Skah
S
,
Nadjar
J
,
Plateroti
M
. Thyroid hormone's action on progenitor/stem cell biology: New challenge for a classic hormone? Biochim Biophys Acta
1830: 3917‐3927, 2013. |
200. |
Stenzel
D
,
Wilsch‐Brauninger
M
,
Wong
FK
,
Heuer
H
,
Huttner
WB
. Integrin αvβ3 and thyroid hormones promote expansion of progenitors in embryonic neocortex. Development
141: 795‐806, 2014. |
201. |
Stergiopoulos
A
,
Politis
PK
. The role of nuclear receptors in controlling the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Arch Biochem Biophys
534: 27‐37, 2013. |
202. |
Strait
KA
,
Schwartz
HL
,
Perez‐Castillo
A
,
Oppenheimer
JH
. Relationship of c‐erbA mRNA content to tissue triiodothyronine nuclear binding capacity and function in developing and adult rats. J Biol Chem
265: 10514‐10521, 1990. |
203. |
Sugiyama
D
,
Kusuhara
H
,
Taniguchi
H
,
Ishikawa
S
,
Nozaki
Y
,
Aburatani
H
,
Sugiyama
Y
. Functional characterization of rat brain‐specific organic anion transporter (Oatp14) at the blood‐brain barrier: High affinity transporter for thyroxine. J Biol Chem
278: 43489‐43495, 2003. |
204. |
Tokumoto
YM
,
Tang
DG
,
Raff
MC
. Two molecularly distinct intracellular pathways to oligodendrocyte differentiation: Role of a p53 family protein. EMBO J
20:5261‐5268, 2001. |
205. |
Tu
HM
,
Kim
SW
,
Salvatore
D
,
Bartha
T
,
Legradi
G
,
Larsen
PR
,
Lechan
RM
. Regional distribution of type 2 thyroxine deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in rat hypothalamus and pituitary and its regulation by thyroid hormone. Endocrinology
138: 3359‐3368, 1997. |
206. |
Tu
HM
,
Legradi
G
,
Bartha
T
,
Salvatore
D
,
Lechan
RM
,
Larsen PR
. Regional expression of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat central nervous system and its regulation by thyroid hormone. Endocrinology
140: 784‐790, 1999. |
207. |
Tuca
A
,
Giralt
M
,
Villarroya
F
,
Viñas
O
,
Mampel
T
,
Iglesias
R
. Ontogeny of thyroid hormone receptors and c‐erbA expression during brown adipose tissue development: Evidence of fetal acquisition of the mature thyroid status. Endocrinology
132: 1913‐1920, 1993. |
208. |
Vallortigara
J
,
Alfos
S
,
Micheau
J
,
Higueret
P
,
Enderlin
V
. T3 administration in adult hypothyroid mice modulates expression of proteins involved in striatal synaptic plasticity and improves motor behavior. Neurobiol Dis
31: 378‐385, 2008. |
209. |
Vallortigara
J
,
Chassande
O
,
Higueret
P
,
Enderlin
V
. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha plays an essential role in the normalisation of adult‐onset hypothyroidism‐related hypoexpression of synaptic plasticity target genes in striatum. J Neuroendocrinol
21: 49‐56, 2009. |
210. |
Vose
LR
,
Vinukonda
G
,
Jo
S
,
Miry
O
,
Diamond
D
,
Korumilli
R
,
Arshad
A
,
Zia
MT
,
Hu
F
,
Kayton
RJ
,
La Gamma
EF
,
Bansal
R
,
Bianco
AC
,
Ballabh
P
. Treatment with thyroxine restores myelination and clinical recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage. J Neurosci
33: 17232‐17246, 2013. |
211. |
Wajner
SM
,
Maia
AL
. New insights toward the acute non‐thyroidal illness syndrome. Front Endocrinol
3: 8, 2012. |
212. |
Wang
S
,
Young
KM
. White matter plasticity in adulthood. Neuroscience
276: 148‐160, 2013. |
213. |
Williams
A
. Central nervous system regeneration—Where are we? QJM
107: 335‐339, 2014. |
214. |
Williams
GR
,
Bassett
JH
. Deiodinases: The balance of thyroid hormone: Local control of thyroid hormone action: Role of type 2 deiodinase. J Endocrinol
209: 261‐272, 2011. |
215. |
Wirth
EK
,
Roth
S
,
Blechschmidt
C
,
Hölter
SM
,
Becker
L
,
Racz
I
,
Zimmer
A
,
Klopstock
T
,
Gailus‐Durner
V
,
Fuchs
H
,
Wurst
W
,
Naumann
T
,
Bräuer
A
,
de Angelis
MH
,
Köhrle
J
,
Grüters
A
,
Schweizer
U
. Neuronal 3′,3,5‐triiodothyronine (T3) uptake and behavioral phenotype of mice deficient in Mct8, the neuronal T3 transporter mutated in Allan‐Herndon‐Dudley syndrome. J Neurosci
29: 9439‐9449, 2009. |
216. |
Wrutniak
C
,
Cassar‐Malek
I
,
Marchal
S
,
Rascle
A
,
Heusser
S
,
Keller
JM
,
Fléchon
J
,
Dauça
M
,
Samarut
J
,
Ghysdael
J
. A 43‐kDa protein related to c‐Erb A α 1 is located in the mitochondrial matrix of rat liver. J Biol Chem
270: 16347‐16354, 1995. |
217. |
Yen
PM
. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev
81: 1097‐1142, 2001. |
218. |
Yoshimura
T
,
Yasuo
S
,
Watanabe
M
,
Iigo
M
,
Yamamura
T
,
Hirunagi
K
,
Ebihara
S
. Light‐induced hormone conversion of T4 to T3 regulates photoperiodic response of gonads in birds. Nature
426: 178‐181, 2003. |