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Cell Physiology and Cell Biology of Myocardial Cell Caveolae

Ernest Page, Hiroshi Iida, Donald D. Doyle

10.1002/cphy.cp020103

Source: Supplement 6: Handbook of Physiology, The Cardiovascular System, The Heart

Originally published: 2002

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Caveolae
2 Ultrastructure
3 Morphometric Studies
4 Accessibility of the Lumens of Caveolae to Extracellular Macromolecules
5 Opening and Closure of Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae
6 Reversible Changes in Myocardial Cell Caveolar Volume and Surface Density in Hypertonic Solutions
7 Hypertonic Solutions Increase Mean Caveolar Neck Surface Density and Diameter
8 Water‐Channel Proteins in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes
9 Temperature Dependence of the Co‐Localization of Aquaporin‐1 With Caveolin3
10 Physiological Role of Aquaporin‐1 in Human Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae
11 Relationship of Atrial Myocyte Caveolae to Atrial Granules
12 Localization of the Type B Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor in Atrial Myocyte Caveolae
13 Co‐Localization of Endothelium‐Derived Nitric Oxide Synthase With Caveolin3 in Rat Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae
14 Endothelin and Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae
15 Immunoelectron Microscopic Localization of the Monocarboxylate Transporter, MCT‐1 in in Situ Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes
16 Neuregulin Binding to its Receptor in Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae
17 Adenosine A1 Receptor in Adult Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes
18 Exploration of Possible Interactions of Cardiac Myocyte Caveolae With Extracellular Matrix and Cytoskeleton‐Associated Proteins: Dystrophin and Dystroglycan
19 Dynamic Clustering of Sphingolipids and Cholesterol to form Functional “Rafts” in Cellular Membranes
20 Development of More Efficient, Specific, and Sensitive Methods for Identifying the Intracaveolar and Caveolae‐Bound Proteins of Cardiac Myocytes
21 Selected General Topics in Caveolar or Caveolae‐Relevant Biology
21.1 Physical considerations—caveolae as plasma membrane microdomains or plasma membrane‐associated microdomains
21.2 Caveolar Proteins
21.3 Other Caveolar Proteins: Reality vs. Artifact
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Electron micrograph of a longitudinally oriented lead‐ and uranium‐stained thin section through the cell surface of an unstretched, noncontracting isolated rat atrium incubated in physiological (isotonic) modified Krebs Henseleit (KH) solution at 37°C. Note multiple caveolar profiles beneath the sarcolemma, either open to the interstitial space (arrow) or apparently closed off from it.

Figs. 1,2,5,6, and 8 are from Kordylewski et al. 54
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Specimen similar to shown in Fig. 1, illustrates caveolar profiles open to the interstitial space or apparently closed off from it by a narrow diaphragm.
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Electron micrograph of rat atrium prepared as for Fig. 1, but thin‐sectioned just below and parallel to the plasma membrane. Note multiple caveolar profiles (four or more) surrounding one caveolar neck in a “windmill” configuration, best seen just below the upper right corner of the micrograph.
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Electron micrograph of rat atrium prepared and thin‐sectioned as for Fig. 3 just below and parallel to the plasma membrane, showing multiple caveolar profiles in series forming a continuous elongated structure with a common lumen.
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Electron micrograph of stretched atrial preparation incubated at 18°C with horeseradish peroxidase (HRP), stained histochemically for HRP, and counterstained with lead citrate. From the top downward note endocardial endothelial cell (E) with HRP‐containing vesicular profiles, subendocardial space (star) heavily stained with HRP, interstitial space between atrial myocytes (arrow) that is opacified with HRP, and atrial myocyte caveolae (arrowheads) filled with HRP.
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Unstretched isolated half rat atria either incubated for 5 min at 37°C in control solution made hypertonic by adding 150 mM sucrose (A) or in otherwise identical sucrose‐free isotonic control solution. Note swollen caveolae (A) and absence of swelling in isotonic control solution (B). Swelling in hypertonic sucrose was rapidly reversible by return to isotonic control solution (data not shown).
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Rat ventricular myocytes perfused in situ for 5 min. at 37°C through the coronary circulation on the Langendorff cannula with isotonic Krebs Henseleit solution (A), with an otherwise identical solution made hypertonic by adding 75 mM NaCl to isotonic control solution(B), or by reperfusing ventricles perfused with hypertonic solution with isotonic control solution (C). Note caveolar swelling in (B) and its regression in (C).
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Electron micrographs of replicas obtained by freeze‐fracture of rat hemi‐atria derived from the same atrium and incubated (before fixation, freeze‐fracture, and platinum shadowing) for five min., either in isotonic physiological saline (A) or in an otherwise identical solution made hypertonic by raising the total osmolarity by addition of 150 mmoles/L of sucrose (B). Quantitative analysis of multiple such samples yields statistical confirmation that exposure to hypertonic solutions raises the mean surface density of caveolar necks and also increases their mean diameter.
Figure 9. Figure 9.

Electron micrograph of a glutaraldehyde‐fixed, osmium tetroxide post–fixed ultra‐thin section of rat atrium stained with uranyl acetate and counter‐stained with lead citrate. The section shows the profile of a plasma membrane‐associated caveola apparently contiguous with an underlying atrial granule (star).
Figure 10. Figure 10.

Immunnoelectron micrograph showing a glutaraldehyde‐fixed, osmium tetroxide post‐fixed ultra‐thin section of rat atrium that has been stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and immunostained with antibody against rat alpha atrial natriuretic peptide. A stereo‐pair of this section (not shown) demonstrates colloidal gold decorating the inner edge of the caveolar membrane.

From Page et al. 88, with permission


Figure 1.

Electron micrograph of a longitudinally oriented lead‐ and uranium‐stained thin section through the cell surface of an unstretched, noncontracting isolated rat atrium incubated in physiological (isotonic) modified Krebs Henseleit (KH) solution at 37°C. Note multiple caveolar profiles beneath the sarcolemma, either open to the interstitial space (arrow) or apparently closed off from it.

Figs. 1,2,5,6, and 8 are from Kordylewski et al. 54


Figure 2.

Specimen similar to shown in Fig. 1, illustrates caveolar profiles open to the interstitial space or apparently closed off from it by a narrow diaphragm.



Figure 3.

Electron micrograph of rat atrium prepared as for Fig. 1, but thin‐sectioned just below and parallel to the plasma membrane. Note multiple caveolar profiles (four or more) surrounding one caveolar neck in a “windmill” configuration, best seen just below the upper right corner of the micrograph.



Figure 4.

Electron micrograph of rat atrium prepared and thin‐sectioned as for Fig. 3 just below and parallel to the plasma membrane, showing multiple caveolar profiles in series forming a continuous elongated structure with a common lumen.



Figure 5.

Electron micrograph of stretched atrial preparation incubated at 18°C with horeseradish peroxidase (HRP), stained histochemically for HRP, and counterstained with lead citrate. From the top downward note endocardial endothelial cell (E) with HRP‐containing vesicular profiles, subendocardial space (star) heavily stained with HRP, interstitial space between atrial myocytes (arrow) that is opacified with HRP, and atrial myocyte caveolae (arrowheads) filled with HRP.



Figure 6.

Unstretched isolated half rat atria either incubated for 5 min at 37°C in control solution made hypertonic by adding 150 mM sucrose (A) or in otherwise identical sucrose‐free isotonic control solution. Note swollen caveolae (A) and absence of swelling in isotonic control solution (B). Swelling in hypertonic sucrose was rapidly reversible by return to isotonic control solution (data not shown).



Figure 7.

Rat ventricular myocytes perfused in situ for 5 min. at 37°C through the coronary circulation on the Langendorff cannula with isotonic Krebs Henseleit solution (A), with an otherwise identical solution made hypertonic by adding 75 mM NaCl to isotonic control solution(B), or by reperfusing ventricles perfused with hypertonic solution with isotonic control solution (C). Note caveolar swelling in (B) and its regression in (C).



Figure 8.

Electron micrographs of replicas obtained by freeze‐fracture of rat hemi‐atria derived from the same atrium and incubated (before fixation, freeze‐fracture, and platinum shadowing) for five min., either in isotonic physiological saline (A) or in an otherwise identical solution made hypertonic by raising the total osmolarity by addition of 150 mmoles/L of sucrose (B). Quantitative analysis of multiple such samples yields statistical confirmation that exposure to hypertonic solutions raises the mean surface density of caveolar necks and also increases their mean diameter.



Figure 9.

Electron micrograph of a glutaraldehyde‐fixed, osmium tetroxide post–fixed ultra‐thin section of rat atrium stained with uranyl acetate and counter‐stained with lead citrate. The section shows the profile of a plasma membrane‐associated caveola apparently contiguous with an underlying atrial granule (star).



Figure 10.

Immunnoelectron micrograph showing a glutaraldehyde‐fixed, osmium tetroxide post‐fixed ultra‐thin section of rat atrium that has been stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and immunostained with antibody against rat alpha atrial natriuretic peptide. A stereo‐pair of this section (not shown) demonstrates colloidal gold decorating the inner edge of the caveolar membrane.

From Page et al. 88, with permission
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Article Title: Cell Physiology and Cell Biology of Myocardial Cell Caveolae
 

How to Cite

Ernest Page, Hiroshi Iida, Donald D. Doyle. Cell Physiology and Cell Biology of Myocardial Cell Caveolae. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 6: Handbook of Physiology, The Cardiovascular System, The Heart: 145-168. First published in print 2002. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp020103