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Processing of Angiotensin and Other Peptides by the Lungs

Una S. Ryan

10.1002/cphy.cp030110

Source: Supplement 10: Handbook of Physiology, The Respiratory System, Circulation and Nonrespiratory Functions

Originally published: 1985

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Historical Background
2 Pulmonary Metabolism
2.1 Angiotensin I
2.2 Bradykinin
2.3 Angiotensin II
2.4 Angiotensin III
2.5 Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme: Kininase II
2.6 Cellular and Subcellular Sites of Relevant Pulmonary Enzymes
2.7 Immunocytochemistry
2.8 Pulmonary Endothelial Cells as a Model System
2.9 Clinical Implications
2.10 Actions of Peptide Hormones on Lungs
2.11 Other Peptides
3 Discussion and Future Directionsa
Figure 1. Figure 1.

A: transverse section of a pulmonary capillary endothelial cell. At the level of the alveolar capillary unit, processing of vasoactive substances is likely to be maximal. Cells are extremely thin but present a vast surface area that is further enhanced by caveolae and surface projections. B: immunocytochemical localization of angiotensin‐converting enzyme on plasma membrane of a pulmonary endothelial cell in culture including caveolae (arrow) and projection (*). The endothelial surface is not only extensive but contains specific enzymes accessible to circulating substrates. C: vasoactive peptides are not only inactivated during circulation through the lungs but also exert effects on pulmonary vascular tone. The mechanism is not fully understood; however, some pulmonary vessels, in this case a small pulmonary artery ∼200 μm in diameter, exhibit structural interactions known as myoendothelial junctions (*) between endothelial and smooth muscle layers. D: with current technology for large‐scale, long‐term culture, pulmonary endothelial cells are propagated on micro‐carrier beads in roller bottles. E: surface replicas of plasma membrane of endothelial cells illustrate the true unfractured face normally exposed to circulating substrates. Particles of various sizes are evident, but identification of specific enzymatic or receptor sites awaits future studies.

From Ryan 150


Figure 1.

A: transverse section of a pulmonary capillary endothelial cell. At the level of the alveolar capillary unit, processing of vasoactive substances is likely to be maximal. Cells are extremely thin but present a vast surface area that is further enhanced by caveolae and surface projections. B: immunocytochemical localization of angiotensin‐converting enzyme on plasma membrane of a pulmonary endothelial cell in culture including caveolae (arrow) and projection (*). The endothelial surface is not only extensive but contains specific enzymes accessible to circulating substrates. C: vasoactive peptides are not only inactivated during circulation through the lungs but also exert effects on pulmonary vascular tone. The mechanism is not fully understood; however, some pulmonary vessels, in this case a small pulmonary artery ∼200 μm in diameter, exhibit structural interactions known as myoendothelial junctions (*) between endothelial and smooth muscle layers. D: with current technology for large‐scale, long‐term culture, pulmonary endothelial cells are propagated on micro‐carrier beads in roller bottles. E: surface replicas of plasma membrane of endothelial cells illustrate the true unfractured face normally exposed to circulating substrates. Particles of various sizes are evident, but identification of specific enzymatic or receptor sites awaits future studies.

From Ryan 150
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Article Title: Processing of Angiotensin and Other Peptides by the Lungs
 

How to Cite

Una S. Ryan. Processing of Angiotensin and Other Peptides by the Lungs. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 10: Handbook of Physiology, The Respiratory System, Circulation and Nonrespiratory Functions: 351-364. First published in print 1985. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp030110