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Phylogeny of the Gas‐Exchange System: Red Cell Function

Stephen C. Wood, Claude Lenfant

10.1002/cphy.cp030408

Source: Supplement 13: Handbook of Physiology, The Respiratory System, Gas Exchange

Originally published: 1987

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Evolution of Hemoglobin Molecule
2 Hemoglobin Function Inside Red Cells
2.1 Red Cell Metabolism
2.2 Allosteric Controllers of Hemoglobin Function
2.3 Red Cell pH
3 Oxygen Capacity of Blood
4 Hematopoiesis in Ectothermic Vertebrates
5 Oxygen Dissociation Curve and the Environment
5.1 Adaptations to Temperature
5.2 Adaptations to Hypoxia
5.3 Transition From Water Breathing to Air Breathing
6 Organismic Adaptations
6.1 Oxygen Uptake and Metabolic Machinery
6.2 Allometry
6.3 Circulatory Shunts
7 Conclusion
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Probable scheme for development of the Hb tetramer and cofactors that modulate Hb function. DPG, diphosphoglycerate; IPP, inositol pentaphosphate.

From Bunn 23
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Mechanisms controlling 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) metabolism and Hb‐O2 affinity of human red blood cells during hypoxia. ODC, O2 dissociation curve.

Adapted from Gerlach and Duhm (134)
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Mechanisms controlling O2 affinity and intracellular pH of nucleated red blood cells.

From Wood and Lenfant 129, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Effect of Hb concentration on blood flow/O2 uptake ratio (blood convection requirement) in different vertebrates.

From Len‐fant et al. (136)
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Effect of pH on O2 affinity (P50) of whole blood in salamanders. DE‐A, Dicamptodon ensatus, adult; DE‐L, D. ensatus, larvae; TG‐W, Taricha granulosa, warm acclimated; TG‐C, T. granulosa, cold acclimated (121; S. C. Wood, unpublished observations). SS, Salamandra salamandra; AM‐L, Ambystoma mexicanum, lung form; AM‐G, A. mexicanum, gill form (133). TC‐C, Triton cristatus, cold acclimated (137). A, Amphiuma means; N, Necturus maculosa 77. C, Cryptobranchus (139).
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Dual effect of temperature (direct and pH‐mediated) on the O2 affinity of blood in the African tree frog, Chiromantis petersi. ΔH, apparent enthalpy.

Data from Johansen et al. 65
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Pattern of thermal acclimation of Hb function seen in some fishes and amphibians. Acutely measured temperature coefficient does not change (solid lines), but long‐term coefficient is reduced (dashed line).
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Two‐compartment model of O2 transport applicable to animals with central vascular or intracardiac shunts.

From Wood 124


Figure 1.

Probable scheme for development of the Hb tetramer and cofactors that modulate Hb function. DPG, diphosphoglycerate; IPP, inositol pentaphosphate.

From Bunn 23


Figure 2.

Mechanisms controlling 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) metabolism and Hb‐O2 affinity of human red blood cells during hypoxia. ODC, O2 dissociation curve.

Adapted from Gerlach and Duhm (134)


Figure 3.

Mechanisms controlling O2 affinity and intracellular pH of nucleated red blood cells.

From Wood and Lenfant 129, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc


Figure 4.

Effect of Hb concentration on blood flow/O2 uptake ratio (blood convection requirement) in different vertebrates.

From Len‐fant et al. (136)


Figure 5.

Effect of pH on O2 affinity (P50) of whole blood in salamanders. DE‐A, Dicamptodon ensatus, adult; DE‐L, D. ensatus, larvae; TG‐W, Taricha granulosa, warm acclimated; TG‐C, T. granulosa, cold acclimated (121; S. C. Wood, unpublished observations). SS, Salamandra salamandra; AM‐L, Ambystoma mexicanum, lung form; AM‐G, A. mexicanum, gill form (133). TC‐C, Triton cristatus, cold acclimated (137). A, Amphiuma means; N, Necturus maculosa 77. C, Cryptobranchus (139).



Figure 6.

Dual effect of temperature (direct and pH‐mediated) on the O2 affinity of blood in the African tree frog, Chiromantis petersi. ΔH, apparent enthalpy.

Data from Johansen et al. 65


Figure 7.

Pattern of thermal acclimation of Hb function seen in some fishes and amphibians. Acutely measured temperature coefficient does not change (solid lines), but long‐term coefficient is reduced (dashed line).



Figure 8.

Two‐compartment model of O2 transport applicable to animals with central vascular or intracardiac shunts.

From Wood 124
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Article Title: Phylogeny of the Gas‐Exchange System: Red Cell Function
 

How to Cite

Stephen C. Wood, Claude Lenfant. Phylogeny of the Gas‐Exchange System: Red Cell Function. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 13: Handbook of Physiology, The Respiratory System, Gas Exchange: 131-146. First published in print 1987. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp030408