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Pharmacology of biliary tract

Jose Behar, Piero Biancani

10.1002/cphy.cp060129

Source: Supplement 16: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Motility and Circulation

Originally published: 1989

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Anatomic And Physiological Considerations
2 Pharmacological Considerations
3 Cholinergic Drugs
4 Adrenergic Drugs
5 Autacoids
5.1 Prostaglandins
5.2 Serotonin
5.3 Histamine
6 Neuropeptides
6.1 Cholecystokinin‐Gastrin Family of Peptides
6.2 Gastrin
6.3 Caerulein
6.4 Secretín, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Glucagon, and Gastrointestinal Inhibitory Polypeptide Family
6.5 Somatostatin and Bombesin
6.6 Opiates
6.7 Motilin
6.8 Pancreatic Polypeptide
6.9 Sex Hormones
6.10 Substance P
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cat sphincter of Oddi. Marked increase in sphincter of Oddi motor activity is observed after intravenous administration of TTX.

From Behar and Biancani 23
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Carbachol (Karb) causes marked contraction of cat gallbladder strips (right) that was of greater magnitude than contraction observed with norepinephrine (Nadr) after propranolol (left).

From Persson 207
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Cumulative dose‐response curves of isoprenaline (IPR), epinephrine (ADR), norepinephrine (NADR), tyramine (TYR), and terbutaline (TRB) obtained on isolated cat gallbladder strips. These catecholamines cause gallbladder relaxation expressed as percent from base line.

From Persson 207
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP‐CCK) on cat gallbladder (GBP) and sphincter of Oddi pressures (SOP). OP‐CCK causes gallbladder contraction and sphincter of Oddi relaxation. Arrow indicates timing of OP‐CCK administration.

From Behar and Biancani 23
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP‐CCK) on cat gallbladder (GBP) and sphincter of Oddi pressures after denervation with tetrodotoxin. OP‐CCK causes gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi contraction. In contrast, isoproterenol is still capable of causing sphincter of Oddi relaxation.

From Behar and Biancani 23
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) on human sphincter of Oddi and duodenum in vivo.

From Geenan et al. 105. Copyright 1980 by the American Gastroenterological Association
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) on amplitude (pressure) and frequency of phasic contractions of human sphincter of Oddi in vivo. Asterisks indicate that changes were statistically significant from base line.

From Geenan et al. 105. Copyright 1980 by the American Gastroenterological Association
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Cat sphincter of Oddi responses to an intra‐arterial dose of Met‐enkephalin. Biphasic response (middle) of contraction followed by relaxation was most common. SOP, sphincter of Oddi pressure.

From Behar and Biancani 27. Copyright 1984 by the American Gastroenterological Association
Figure 9. Figure 9.

Effect of naloxone on cat sphincter of Oddi in vivo. This opiate antagonist causes relaxation with decrease in tonic pressures and abolition of phasic contractions. SOP, sphincter of Oddi pressure.

From Behar and Biancani 24
Figure 10. Figure 10.

Effect of progesterone (P) pretreatment (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) on in vitro contractile response of male guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle to acetylcholine stimulation.

From Ryan and Pellecchia 227. Copyright 1982 by the American Gastroenterological Association
Figure 11. Figure 11.

Effect of progesterone (P) pretreatment (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) on in vitro contractile response of male guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle to octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) stimulation.

From Ryan and Pellecchia 227. Copyright 1982 by the American Gastroenterological Association


Figure 1.

Effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cat sphincter of Oddi. Marked increase in sphincter of Oddi motor activity is observed after intravenous administration of TTX.

From Behar and Biancani 23


Figure 2.

Carbachol (Karb) causes marked contraction of cat gallbladder strips (right) that was of greater magnitude than contraction observed with norepinephrine (Nadr) after propranolol (left).

From Persson 207


Figure 3.

Cumulative dose‐response curves of isoprenaline (IPR), epinephrine (ADR), norepinephrine (NADR), tyramine (TYR), and terbutaline (TRB) obtained on isolated cat gallbladder strips. These catecholamines cause gallbladder relaxation expressed as percent from base line.

From Persson 207


Figure 4.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP‐CCK) on cat gallbladder (GBP) and sphincter of Oddi pressures (SOP). OP‐CCK causes gallbladder contraction and sphincter of Oddi relaxation. Arrow indicates timing of OP‐CCK administration.

From Behar and Biancani 23


Figure 5.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP‐CCK) on cat gallbladder (GBP) and sphincter of Oddi pressures after denervation with tetrodotoxin. OP‐CCK causes gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi contraction. In contrast, isoproterenol is still capable of causing sphincter of Oddi relaxation.

From Behar and Biancani 23


Figure 6.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) on human sphincter of Oddi and duodenum in vivo.

From Geenan et al. 105. Copyright 1980 by the American Gastroenterological Association


Figure 7.

Effect of octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) on amplitude (pressure) and frequency of phasic contractions of human sphincter of Oddi in vivo. Asterisks indicate that changes were statistically significant from base line.

From Geenan et al. 105. Copyright 1980 by the American Gastroenterological Association


Figure 8.

Cat sphincter of Oddi responses to an intra‐arterial dose of Met‐enkephalin. Biphasic response (middle) of contraction followed by relaxation was most common. SOP, sphincter of Oddi pressure.

From Behar and Biancani 27. Copyright 1984 by the American Gastroenterological Association


Figure 9.

Effect of naloxone on cat sphincter of Oddi in vivo. This opiate antagonist causes relaxation with decrease in tonic pressures and abolition of phasic contractions. SOP, sphincter of Oddi pressure.

From Behar and Biancani 24


Figure 10.

Effect of progesterone (P) pretreatment (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) on in vitro contractile response of male guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle to acetylcholine stimulation.

From Ryan and Pellecchia 227. Copyright 1982 by the American Gastroenterological Association


Figure 11.

Effect of progesterone (P) pretreatment (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) on in vitro contractile response of male guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle to octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK‐OP) stimulation.

From Ryan and Pellecchia 227. Copyright 1982 by the American Gastroenterological Association
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Article Title: Pharmacology of biliary tract
 

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Jose Behar, Piero Biancani. Pharmacology of biliary tract. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 16: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Motility and Circulation: 1103-1131. First published in print 1989. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp060129