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Enterocyte Lipid Absorption and Secretion

Nicholas O. Davidson, Arthur M. Magun, Robert M. Glickman

10.1002/cphy.cp060423

Source: Supplement 19: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Intestinal Absorption and Secretion

Originally published: 1991

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Intracellular Transport and Vectorial Delivery of Intestinal Lipid
1.1 Transmembrane Transport of Long‐Chain Fatty Acids
1.2 Intracellular Transport of Long‐Chain Fatty Acids
1.3 Intracellular Transport of Sterols and Vitamin A
2 Intestinal Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Phospholipid Metabolism
2.1 Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism
2.2 Triglyceride Synthesis and Metabolism
2.3 Phospholipid Synthesis and Metabolism
3 Regulation of Intestinal Apolipoprotein Gene Expression
3.1 Apolipoprotein A‐I
3.2 Apolipoprotein A‐IV
3.3 Apolipoprotein Cs and Apolipoprotein A‐II
3.4 Apolipoprotein B
3.5 Lipid Regulation of Protein Synthesis
4 Intestinal Lipoprotein Assembly and Characterization
4.1 Morphology and Assembly Considerations
4.2 Characterization of Intracellular Intestinal Lipoproteins
5 Regulation of Lipoprotein Secretion Into Lymph
5.1 Effect of Bile Diversion and Fasting
5.2 Effect of Triglyceride Feeding
5.3 Effect of Lecithin Feeding
5.4 Effect of Cholesterol Feeding
6 Summary
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Intestinal lipid synthetic pathways. A: postprandial lipid synthesis. Dietary triglyceride is hydrolyzed in lumen of intestine to 2‐monoglyceride and free fatty acids, which are absorbed and then serve as substrates for synthesis of triglyceride. Phospholipid, largely lecithin, is hydrolyzed to lysolecithin and a fatty acid, which are absorbed and then used as substrates for synthesis of lecithin. B: fasting lipid synthesis. Triglyceride is synthesized during fasting from glycerol 3‐phosphate, derived in part from glucose and phospholipid metabolism. Phospholipid is synthesized via same pathway except that CDPcholine is added to diglyceride to form lecithin. Lecithin is also synthesized during fasting by reacylation of lysolecithin.
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Enterocyte lipoprotein assembly. Lipid and amino acid products of digestion are absorbed from intestinal lumen across microvillous membrane where they serve as substrates for resynthesis of protein and lipid in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Apolipoproteins are mobilized from intracellular pool of protein to form nascent lipoproteins. Exact sites of assembly are unknown. Lipoproteins are progressively modified within Golgi organelles and secretory vesicles and then secreted into intracellular space. Apo A‐I, A‐IV, and B48, apolipoproteins A‐I, A‐IV, and B48, respectively; CM, chylomicron; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low‐density lipoprotein.


Figure 1.

Intestinal lipid synthetic pathways. A: postprandial lipid synthesis. Dietary triglyceride is hydrolyzed in lumen of intestine to 2‐monoglyceride and free fatty acids, which are absorbed and then serve as substrates for synthesis of triglyceride. Phospholipid, largely lecithin, is hydrolyzed to lysolecithin and a fatty acid, which are absorbed and then used as substrates for synthesis of lecithin. B: fasting lipid synthesis. Triglyceride is synthesized during fasting from glycerol 3‐phosphate, derived in part from glucose and phospholipid metabolism. Phospholipid is synthesized via same pathway except that CDPcholine is added to diglyceride to form lecithin. Lecithin is also synthesized during fasting by reacylation of lysolecithin.



Figure 2.

Enterocyte lipoprotein assembly. Lipid and amino acid products of digestion are absorbed from intestinal lumen across microvillous membrane where they serve as substrates for resynthesis of protein and lipid in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Apolipoproteins are mobilized from intracellular pool of protein to form nascent lipoproteins. Exact sites of assembly are unknown. Lipoproteins are progressively modified within Golgi organelles and secretory vesicles and then secreted into intracellular space. Apo A‐I, A‐IV, and B48, apolipoproteins A‐I, A‐IV, and B48, respectively; CM, chylomicron; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low‐density lipoprotein.

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Article Title: Enterocyte Lipid Absorption and Secretion
 

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Nicholas O. Davidson, Arthur M. Magun, Robert M. Glickman. Enterocyte Lipid Absorption and Secretion. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 19: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Intestinal Absorption and Secretion: 505-526. First published in print 1991. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp060423