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Regulation of Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases

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Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases
1.1 Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis, Collagen‐Induced Arthritis, and Streptococcal Cell Wall‐Induced Arthritis
1.3 Type I Diabetes and Spontaneous Diabetes in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse
2 Factors Regulating Autoimmune Diseases
2.1 Genetic Predisposition
2.2 Factors Shaping the T‐Cell Repertoire
2.3 Gender
2.4 Stress Effects on Autoimmune Disease
3 The Multifactorial Nature of Autoimmune Disease
4 Conclusions
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Stress begun prior to disease initiation provides protection for a finite period of time after cessation. Arrows indicate initiation and cessation of stress and food and water deprivation (control). Crosses indicate control group, food‐and water‐deprived. Closed triangles indicate stress group, stressed by a repetitive‐restraint paradigm consisting of 5 days of stress followed by 2 days without stress. Day 0 is the day of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunization. Scoring scale: 0, no signs; 1, limp tail; 2, ataxia; 3, partial paralysis; 4, complete hindlimb paralysis; 5, death. Data represent two experiments with B10.PL mice.

Figure 2. Figure 2.

Stress begun after disease initiation has no protective effects. Arrows indicate initiation and cessation of stress and food and water deprivation (control). Crosses indicate control group, food‐and water‐deprived. Closed triangles indicate stress group, stressed with a repetitive‐restraint paradigm consisting of 5 days of stress followed by 2 days without stress. Day 0 is the day of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunization. Scoring scale: 0, no signs; 1, limp tail; 2, ataxia; 3, partial paralysis; 4, complete hindlimb paralysis; 5, death. Data represent two experiments with B10.PL mice.

Figure 3. Figure 3.

The multifactorial nature of autoimmune diseases.



Figure 1.

Stress begun prior to disease initiation provides protection for a finite period of time after cessation. Arrows indicate initiation and cessation of stress and food and water deprivation (control). Crosses indicate control group, food‐and water‐deprived. Closed triangles indicate stress group, stressed by a repetitive‐restraint paradigm consisting of 5 days of stress followed by 2 days without stress. Day 0 is the day of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunization. Scoring scale: 0, no signs; 1, limp tail; 2, ataxia; 3, partial paralysis; 4, complete hindlimb paralysis; 5, death. Data represent two experiments with B10.PL mice.



Figure 2.

Stress begun after disease initiation has no protective effects. Arrows indicate initiation and cessation of stress and food and water deprivation (control). Crosses indicate control group, food‐and water‐deprived. Closed triangles indicate stress group, stressed with a repetitive‐restraint paradigm consisting of 5 days of stress followed by 2 days without stress. Day 0 is the day of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunization. Scoring scale: 0, no signs; 1, limp tail; 2, ataxia; 3, partial paralysis; 4, complete hindlimb paralysis; 5, death. Data represent two experiments with B10.PL mice.



Figure 3.

The multifactorial nature of autoimmune diseases.

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Kennichi Dowdell, Caroline Whitacre. Regulation of Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 23: Handbook of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Coping with the Environment: Neural and Endocrine Mechanisms: 451-467. First published in print 2001. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp070420