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Cellular Mechanisms of H+ and HCO3− transport in tight urinary epithelia

Qais Al‐Awqati, Renaud Beauwens

10.1002/cphy.cp080108

Source: Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology

Originally published: 1992

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Transepithelial Proton and Bicarbonate Transport
1.1 Intercalated Cells
1.2 Proton Secretion
1.3 Bicarbonate Secretion
2 Molecules Involved in Acid‐Base Transport
2.1 Proton‐Translocating ATPases
2.2 Cl−−HCO3− Exchanger
2.3 Chloride Channel
2.4 Carbonic Anhydrase
3 Regulation of Proton Secretion
3.1 Transmembrane Electrochemical Gradient
3.2 Cell pH
3.3 Effect of CO2 and Role of Exocytosis
3.4 Role of Endocytosis
3.5 Aldosterone
3.6 Extracellular Acid‐Base Changes
3.7 Cyclic AMP
4 Regulation of Bicarbonate Secretion
4.1 Exfracellular Acid‐Base Changes
4.2 cAMP
4.3 Cell Calcium and the Calcium Ionophore A23187
5 Epithelial Polarity of Proton and Bicarbonate Transport
5.1 Biogenesis of Epithelial Polarity
5.2 Plasticity of Epithelial Polarity in the Intercalated Cell
5.3 Other Examples of Reversible Polarity
5.4 Potential Mechanisms for Plasticity in the Polarity of the Intercalated Cell
6 Developmental Biology of the Intercalated Cell
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Model for transepithelial H+ secretion by intercalated cell.
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Characteristics of the two types of intercalated cell. Left: secreting cell; right: H+‐secreting cell.
Figure 3. Figure 3.

H+ transport and development of membrane potential by proton‐translocating ATPase of Golgi membranes 51. Top: proton transport was measured as uptake of a weak base (acridine orange) from medium using dual wavelength spectrophotometer. Note that addition of valinomycin, by collapsing a membrane potential, accelerates development of pH gradient. Bottom: membrane potential measured as ejection of cationic dye di‐S‐C3(5). Addition of neutral proton ionophore nigericin increases apparent membrane potential, as does replacement of chloride by impermeant gluconate.
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Regulation of transepithelial H+ secretion in turtle urinary bladder by CO2. Top tracing: effect on short‐circuit current. Second tracing: effect on secretion of fluorescent dextran that had previously been internalized into acid vesicles. Third tracing: effect of CO2 on intracellular calcium as measured by excitation ratio fluorometry using quin 2. Fourth tracing: effect on cell pH as measured by excitation ratio fluorometry of 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein.
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Electron micrographs of the two types of intercalated cell in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Left: H+‐secreting cell with typical fusion events on apical membrane. Right: secreting cell with its characteristic subapical cytoskeletal mesh. Inset: basolateral fusion figures and subapical coated vesicles from secreting cell. L, lumen.
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Plasticity of epithelial polarity in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Bicarbonate‐ and proton‐secreting cells were counted before and after treatment of rabbits with an acid load. Bicarbonate‐secreting cells were identified by staining with fluorescein‐labeled peanut lectin. Proton‐secreting cells were identified as those cells that endocytosed rhodamine‐labeled albumin.


Figure 1.

Model for transepithelial H+ secretion by intercalated cell.



Figure 2.

Characteristics of the two types of intercalated cell. Left: secreting cell; right: H+‐secreting cell.



Figure 3.

H+ transport and development of membrane potential by proton‐translocating ATPase of Golgi membranes 51. Top: proton transport was measured as uptake of a weak base (acridine orange) from medium using dual wavelength spectrophotometer. Note that addition of valinomycin, by collapsing a membrane potential, accelerates development of pH gradient. Bottom: membrane potential measured as ejection of cationic dye di‐S‐C3(5). Addition of neutral proton ionophore nigericin increases apparent membrane potential, as does replacement of chloride by impermeant gluconate.



Figure 4.

Regulation of transepithelial H+ secretion in turtle urinary bladder by CO2. Top tracing: effect on short‐circuit current. Second tracing: effect on secretion of fluorescent dextran that had previously been internalized into acid vesicles. Third tracing: effect of CO2 on intracellular calcium as measured by excitation ratio fluorometry using quin 2. Fourth tracing: effect on cell pH as measured by excitation ratio fluorometry of 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein.



Figure 5.

Electron micrographs of the two types of intercalated cell in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Left: H+‐secreting cell with typical fusion events on apical membrane. Right: secreting cell with its characteristic subapical cytoskeletal mesh. Inset: basolateral fusion figures and subapical coated vesicles from secreting cell. L, lumen.



Figure 6.

Plasticity of epithelial polarity in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Bicarbonate‐ and proton‐secreting cells were counted before and after treatment of rabbits with an acid load. Bicarbonate‐secreting cells were identified by staining with fluorescein‐labeled peanut lectin. Proton‐secreting cells were identified as those cells that endocytosed rhodamine‐labeled albumin.

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Article Title: Cellular Mechanisms of H+ and HCO3− transport in tight urinary epithelia
 

How to Cite

Qais Al‐Awqati, Renaud Beauwens. Cellular Mechanisms of H+ and HCO3− transport in tight urinary epithelia. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology: 323-350. First published in print 1992. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp080108