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Renal Tubular Transport of Calcium

Linda S. Costanzo, Erich E. Windhager

10.1002/cphy.cp080236

Source: Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology

Originally published: 1992

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Calcium Handling in the Nephron
1.1 Glomerular Filtration
1.2 Proximal Tubule
1.3 Thick Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
1.4 Distal Tubule
2 Regulation of Renal Tubular Calcium Transport
2.1 Extracellular Fluid Volume
2.2 Hypercalcemia
2.3 Phosphate Depletion
2.4 Acid‐Base Balance
2.5 Parathyroid Hormone
2.6 Calcitonin
2.7 Vitamin D
2.8 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
2.9 Loop Diuretics
2.10 Thiazide Diuretics
2.11 Potassium‐Sparing Diuretics (Amiloride)
3 Cellular Mechanisms of Transepithelial Calcium Transport
3.1 Measurement of Cytosolic Calcium Ion Concentration: Methodology
3.2 Cytosolic Calcium Ion Concentrations in Renal Epithelial Cells
3.3 Regulation of Cytosolic Ca2+ Activity
3.4 Mechanisms of Transmembrane Calcium Transfer
4 Effects of Calcium on Renal Epithelial Transport
4.1 Effects of Changes in Cytosolic Calcium on Renal Sodium Transport
4.2 Role of Cytosolic Calcium in the Hydrosmotic Response to Vasopressin
5 Summary
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Processes involved in Ca2+ balance in adult human. ECF, extracellular fluid.
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Calcium reabsorption along nephron. Arrows, relative magnitude of segmental Ca2+ reabsorption. Numbers, percentages of filtered load remaining at any point along nephron.
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Factors that influence Ca2+ reabsorption along nephron. Up arrows, factors that increase reabsorption rate; down arrows, factors that decrease reabsorption rate. PTH, parathyroid hormone.
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Profile of PTH‐sensitive adenylate cyclase activity along rabbit nephron.

From Chabardes et al. 38
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Calcium reabsorption as function of calcium load to the distal tubule in rat tubules microperfused in vivo. Lower line, control tubules; upper line, chlorothiazide (CTZ)‐treated tubules, P < 0.001.

From Costanzo and Windhager 52
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Nephron sites of action of thiazide (CTZ) and K+‐sparing diuretics in rat distal nephron.
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Processes involved in regulating level of cytosolic free Ca2+ ion activity in epithelial cells. CaBP, Ca‐binding protein; A−, anion; CaA, calcium complexed with anion.

From Taylor and Windhager 207
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Relationship of electrochemical potential gradient for Ca2+ ) to three times the electrochemical potential gradient for Na () across basolateral membrane of Necturus proximal tubule. Dotted line, equilibrium for 3:1 stoichiometry for NaCa exchange.

From Yang et al. 238
Figure 9. Figure 9.

Relationship of intracellular Ca2+ activity () to electrochemical potential gradient for , across basolateral membrane of Necturus proximal tubule.

From Yang et al. 238
Figure 10. Figure 10.

Epithelial cell model illustrating potential role of Ca2+ in negative feedback regulation of Na+ entry across the luminal membrane.
Figure 11. Figure 11.

Effect of ionomycin on Na+ channel activity in apical membranes from rat cortical collecting tubules. In cell‐attached patches of membrane, ionomycin reduced fraction of open channels when Ca2+ was present in bathing solution but not when it was absent.

From Palmer and Frindt 155


Figure 1.

Processes involved in Ca2+ balance in adult human. ECF, extracellular fluid.



Figure 2.

Calcium reabsorption along nephron. Arrows, relative magnitude of segmental Ca2+ reabsorption. Numbers, percentages of filtered load remaining at any point along nephron.



Figure 3.

Factors that influence Ca2+ reabsorption along nephron. Up arrows, factors that increase reabsorption rate; down arrows, factors that decrease reabsorption rate. PTH, parathyroid hormone.



Figure 4.

Profile of PTH‐sensitive adenylate cyclase activity along rabbit nephron.

From Chabardes et al. 38


Figure 5.

Calcium reabsorption as function of calcium load to the distal tubule in rat tubules microperfused in vivo. Lower line, control tubules; upper line, chlorothiazide (CTZ)‐treated tubules, P < 0.001.

From Costanzo and Windhager 52


Figure 6.

Nephron sites of action of thiazide (CTZ) and K+‐sparing diuretics in rat distal nephron.



Figure 7.

Processes involved in regulating level of cytosolic free Ca2+ ion activity in epithelial cells. CaBP, Ca‐binding protein; A−, anion; CaA, calcium complexed with anion.

From Taylor and Windhager 207


Figure 8.

Relationship of electrochemical potential gradient for Ca2+ ) to three times the electrochemical potential gradient for Na () across basolateral membrane of Necturus proximal tubule. Dotted line, equilibrium for 3:1 stoichiometry for NaCa exchange.

From Yang et al. 238


Figure 9.

Relationship of intracellular Ca2+ activity () to electrochemical potential gradient for , across basolateral membrane of Necturus proximal tubule.

From Yang et al. 238


Figure 10.

Epithelial cell model illustrating potential role of Ca2+ in negative feedback regulation of Na+ entry across the luminal membrane.



Figure 11.

Effect of ionomycin on Na+ channel activity in apical membranes from rat cortical collecting tubules. In cell‐attached patches of membrane, ionomycin reduced fraction of open channels when Ca2+ was present in bathing solution but not when it was absent.

From Palmer and Frindt 155
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Article Title: Renal Tubular Transport of Calcium
 

How to Cite

Linda S. Costanzo, Erich E. Windhager. Renal Tubular Transport of Calcium. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology: 1759-1783. First published in print 1992. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp080236