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The Physiology of Renal Magnesium Handling

Gary A. Quamme, John H. Dirks

10.1002/cphy.cp080240

Source: Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology

Originally published: 1992

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Glomerular Filtration
2 Proximal Convoluted Tubule
3 Proximal Straight Tubule and Descending Limb of Henle's Loop
4 Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
5 Distal Convoluted Tubule
6 Collecting Duct
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Magnesium reabsorption as function of magnesium filtration in proximal convoluted tubule of dog. Dogs were infused with MgCl2 solutions to elevate plasma concentration and magnesium filtration rate progressively.

From Wong et al. 172
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Relationship of collected fluid‐to‐perfusate concentration ratio for magnesium as function of collected‐to‐perfusate inulin concentration ratio in juxtamedullary proximal tubule of rabbit. Open symbols, studies with 0.78 mM magnesium concentration in perfusion solution; closed symbols, observations with 3.15 mM magnesium concentration in perfusate.

From Quamme and Smith 124
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Summation of absolute magnesium reabsorption in proximal tubule plus Henle's loop of dog (i.e., changes resulting prior to distal tubular collection site). Closed circles, absolute reabsorption; open circles, magnesium remaining at distal sampling site. Each point represents summation of proximal plus loop data for experimental animals with normal plasma magnesium or following MgCl2 infusion. This pattern of magnesium reabsorption was similar to that for whole kidney.

From Wong et al. 172
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Relationship of absolute net magnesium reabsorption to magnesium delivery to Henle's loop of dog. Delivered load of magnesium was increased by MgCl2 infusions.

From Wong et al. 172
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Association of net magnesium transport with transepithelial potential difference within cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit. Electrical potential differences were established by altering transepithelial NaCl concentration gradient and including furosemide in perfusion solution.

From Shareghi and Agus 148
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Schematic model of magnesium absorption in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Conductive pathways denoted by dashed arrows, carrier‐mediated transport by solid arrows, active transport processes by ∼ symbol. PD, potential difference. [Modified from Greger 56 and Hebert and Andreoli 67.]
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Effects of 1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), calcitonin, glucagon, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium tubular fluid‐to‐plasma ultrafiltrate concentration ratios (TF/UF) in early distal tubules. Experiments were performed in hormone‐deprived rats (Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats that were acutely thyroparathyroidectomized and infused with somatostatin to inhibit glucagon secretion) receiving one of the lacking peptides. Administration rates of peptides were (per 100 g body weight): dDAVP, 20 pg/min; human calcitonin, 1 mU/min; glucagon, 5 ng/min; PTH, 5 mU/min. C, control; E, experimental, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Each column represents mean value obtained from five to six different animals.

From de Rouffignac et al. 36
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Additive effects of glucagon and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on renal magnesium reabsorption. Fractional urinary magnesium excretion is expressed over time in hormone‐deprived rats given ADH alone, 40 pg/min (•); or ADH plus glucagon, 1 ng/min (◯); or ADH plus glucagon, 10 ng/min (). *Significance from rats given ADH alone and **rats given ADH plus glucagon, 1 ng/min (P < 0.05).

From Elalouf et al. 46


Figure 1.

Magnesium reabsorption as function of magnesium filtration in proximal convoluted tubule of dog. Dogs were infused with MgCl2 solutions to elevate plasma concentration and magnesium filtration rate progressively.

From Wong et al. 172


Figure 2.

Relationship of collected fluid‐to‐perfusate concentration ratio for magnesium as function of collected‐to‐perfusate inulin concentration ratio in juxtamedullary proximal tubule of rabbit. Open symbols, studies with 0.78 mM magnesium concentration in perfusion solution; closed symbols, observations with 3.15 mM magnesium concentration in perfusate.

From Quamme and Smith 124


Figure 3.

Summation of absolute magnesium reabsorption in proximal tubule plus Henle's loop of dog (i.e., changes resulting prior to distal tubular collection site). Closed circles, absolute reabsorption; open circles, magnesium remaining at distal sampling site. Each point represents summation of proximal plus loop data for experimental animals with normal plasma magnesium or following MgCl2 infusion. This pattern of magnesium reabsorption was similar to that for whole kidney.

From Wong et al. 172


Figure 4.

Relationship of absolute net magnesium reabsorption to magnesium delivery to Henle's loop of dog. Delivered load of magnesium was increased by MgCl2 infusions.

From Wong et al. 172


Figure 5.

Association of net magnesium transport with transepithelial potential difference within cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit. Electrical potential differences were established by altering transepithelial NaCl concentration gradient and including furosemide in perfusion solution.

From Shareghi and Agus 148


Figure 6.

Schematic model of magnesium absorption in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Conductive pathways denoted by dashed arrows, carrier‐mediated transport by solid arrows, active transport processes by ∼ symbol. PD, potential difference. [Modified from Greger 56 and Hebert and Andreoli 67.]



Figure 7.

Effects of 1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), calcitonin, glucagon, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium tubular fluid‐to‐plasma ultrafiltrate concentration ratios (TF/UF) in early distal tubules. Experiments were performed in hormone‐deprived rats (Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats that were acutely thyroparathyroidectomized and infused with somatostatin to inhibit glucagon secretion) receiving one of the lacking peptides. Administration rates of peptides were (per 100 g body weight): dDAVP, 20 pg/min; human calcitonin, 1 mU/min; glucagon, 5 ng/min; PTH, 5 mU/min. C, control; E, experimental, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Each column represents mean value obtained from five to six different animals.

From de Rouffignac et al. 36


Figure 8.

Additive effects of glucagon and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on renal magnesium reabsorption. Fractional urinary magnesium excretion is expressed over time in hormone‐deprived rats given ADH alone, 40 pg/min (•); or ADH plus glucagon, 1 ng/min (◯); or ADH plus glucagon, 10 ng/min (). *Significance from rats given ADH alone and **rats given ADH plus glucagon, 1 ng/min (P < 0.05).

From Elalouf et al. 46
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Article Title: The Physiology of Renal Magnesium Handling
 

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Gary A. Quamme, John H. Dirks. The Physiology of Renal Magnesium Handling. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology: 1917-1935. First published in print 1992. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp080240