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Renal Plasma Membranes: Isolation, General Properties, and Biochemical Components

Rolf Kinne, E. Kinne‐Saffran

10.1002/cphy.cp080245

Source: Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology

Originally published: 1992

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Studies on Isolated Plasma Membranes: Conceptual Framework
2 Isolation of Plasma Membranes of the Proximal Tubule
2.1 Definition of Membranes
2.2 Membrane Marker
2.3 Starting Material
2.4 Isolation of Microvillous Membranes
2.5 Isolation of Basal‐lateral Membranes
2.6 Simultaneous Isolation of Microvillous and Basal‐lateral Membranes
2.7 Isolation of Endosomes and Reserve Vesicles
3 Purity and General Properties of Plasma Membranes Isolated from the Proximal Tubule
3.1 Microvillous Membranes
3.2 Basal‐lateral Membranes
3.3 Endosomes and Reserve Vesicles
4 Isolation of Plasma Membranes of the Thick Ascending limb of Henle's Loop
4.1 Definition of Membranes
4.2 Membrane Marker
4.3 Starting Material
4.4 Methods for Membrane Isolation
5 Purity and General Properties of Plasma Membranes Isolated from the Thick Ascending Limb
5.1 Purity of Membrane Fractions
5.2 General Properties
6 Isolation of Plasma Membranes of the Collecting Duct
6.1 Definition of Membranes
6.2 Membrane Marker
6.3 Starting Material
6.4 Methods for Membrane Isolation
7 Purity and General Properties of Membranes Isolated from the Collecting Duct
8 Biochemical Components of Isolated Renal Plasma Membranes
8.1 Membrane Lipids
8.2 Lipid Composition of Isolated Membranes of the Proximal Tubule
8.3 Lipid Composition of Plasma Membranes Isolated from Kidney Medulla
8.4 Identification of Membrane Proteins
8.5 Enzymes in Renal Membranes
8.6 Antigens in Renal Membranes
8.7 Transport Proteins in Renal Membranes
8.8 Protein Fingerprints of Renal Membranes
9 Concluding Remarks
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Plasma membranes of proximal tubular cell of segment 1 of rabbit kidney cortex.

Redrawn from Kaissling and Kriz 143
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Morphology of brush border membrane fragments isolated by different techniques. A, density gradient centrifugation; B, free flow electrophoresis; C, differential precipitation with calcium. Upper panels, negative staining. Lower panels, thin section of membrane pellet.

A from Kinne and Kinne‐Saffran 172; B from Heidrich et al. 119; C from Evers et al. 79
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Vesiculation and orientation of isolated microvillous membranes. Left, freeze‐fracture picture of proximal tubule cell in brush border region. Half‐membranes contacting cytoplasm face show high particle density, whereas half‐membranes representing outer membrane leaflet are characterized by low particle density. Right, freeze‐fracture picture of isolated brush border membrane vesicles of rat kidney cortex. Convex fracture faces (CV) mostly show high particle density; concave ones (CC) show lower particle density, indicating right‐side‐out orientation of vesicles.

Reprinted by permission from Haase et al. 109: Biochem. J., 172: 57–62, copyright (©) 1978, The Biochemical Society, London
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Morphology of basal‐lateral membranes isolated from kidney cortex by free flow electrophoresis. Top, negative staining. Bottom, thin section of membrane pellet. Inset shows junctional complex.

From Heidrich et al. 119
Figure 5. Figure 5.

Vesiculation and orientation of basal‐lateral membranes isolated from kidney cortex. Freeze‐fracture picture of basal‐lateral plasma membranes isolated from rat kidney cortex by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Bar, 0.5 μm.

Courtesy Dr. W. Haase, Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, F.R.G.
Figure 6. Figure 6.

Schematic representation of assay to determine orientation of basal‐lateral membranes using accessibility of Na+,K+‐ATPase to ATP and ouabain as indicator. The former cytosolic face has smooth surface; the former cell surface is characterized by fuzzy coat of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins.
Figure 7. Figure 7.

Morphology of endosomes isolated from rat kidney cortex by free flow electrophoresis. Top, negative staining. Bottom, peroxidase reaction of vesicles. Peroxidase used as exogenous marker.

From Bode et al. 24
Figure 8. Figure 8.

Morphology of luminal plasma membrane fraction enriched from isolated cells of medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Thin section through membrane pellet.

From Eveloff and Kinne 78
Figure 9. Figure 9.

Polypeptides of microvillous membranes and of luminal plasma membranes isolated from rabbit kidney outer medulla as resolved by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The first left lane and the last right lane contain molecular weight markers.


Figure 1.

Plasma membranes of proximal tubular cell of segment 1 of rabbit kidney cortex.

Redrawn from Kaissling and Kriz 143


Figure 2.

Morphology of brush border membrane fragments isolated by different techniques. A, density gradient centrifugation; B, free flow electrophoresis; C, differential precipitation with calcium. Upper panels, negative staining. Lower panels, thin section of membrane pellet.

A from Kinne and Kinne‐Saffran 172; B from Heidrich et al. 119; C from Evers et al. 79


Figure 3.

Vesiculation and orientation of isolated microvillous membranes. Left, freeze‐fracture picture of proximal tubule cell in brush border region. Half‐membranes contacting cytoplasm face show high particle density, whereas half‐membranes representing outer membrane leaflet are characterized by low particle density. Right, freeze‐fracture picture of isolated brush border membrane vesicles of rat kidney cortex. Convex fracture faces (CV) mostly show high particle density; concave ones (CC) show lower particle density, indicating right‐side‐out orientation of vesicles.

Reprinted by permission from Haase et al. 109: Biochem. J., 172: 57–62, copyright (©) 1978, The Biochemical Society, London


Figure 4.

Morphology of basal‐lateral membranes isolated from kidney cortex by free flow electrophoresis. Top, negative staining. Bottom, thin section of membrane pellet. Inset shows junctional complex.

From Heidrich et al. 119


Figure 5.

Vesiculation and orientation of basal‐lateral membranes isolated from kidney cortex. Freeze‐fracture picture of basal‐lateral plasma membranes isolated from rat kidney cortex by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Bar, 0.5 μm.

Courtesy Dr. W. Haase, Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, F.R.G.


Figure 6.

Schematic representation of assay to determine orientation of basal‐lateral membranes using accessibility of Na+,K+‐ATPase to ATP and ouabain as indicator. The former cytosolic face has smooth surface; the former cell surface is characterized by fuzzy coat of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins.



Figure 7.

Morphology of endosomes isolated from rat kidney cortex by free flow electrophoresis. Top, negative staining. Bottom, peroxidase reaction of vesicles. Peroxidase used as exogenous marker.

From Bode et al. 24


Figure 8.

Morphology of luminal plasma membrane fraction enriched from isolated cells of medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Thin section through membrane pellet.

From Eveloff and Kinne 78


Figure 9.

Polypeptides of microvillous membranes and of luminal plasma membranes isolated from rabbit kidney outer medulla as resolved by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The first left lane and the last right lane contain molecular weight markers.

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Article Title: Renal Plasma Membranes: Isolation, General Properties, and Biochemical Components
 

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Rolf Kinne, E. Kinne‐Saffran. Renal Plasma Membranes: Isolation, General Properties, and Biochemical Components. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology: 2083-2117. First published in print 1992. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp080245